Trial reportDiabetes care2024
Emotional Distress Predicts Reduced Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Adherence in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01794143. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing the Effects of Diabetes-Specific and Overall Medication Regimen Complexity on Diabetes Distress.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2026Trial
- Texas strength through resilience in diabetes education (TX STRIDE): Protocol for a non-randomized cluster-controlled trial among African American adults with type 2 diabetes.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic brief forms of the diabetes distress scale in Egyptian patients with type II diabetes.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of diabetes-related psychological distress in a tertiary care setting in Tamil Nadu, India: cross-sectional study.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Large Language Model-Based Analysis of Statin Therapy Discussions and Sentiment on Social Media: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Observational
- Understanding Medication Adherence and Glycaemic Level in People With Type 2 Diabetes Across Countries: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of Medication Beliefs, Illness Perceptions, Resistance to Illness and Mood.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Facilitators to and experience of psychological resilience during disease response among people with diabetes: a mixed-methods study using resilience framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Association between exposure to a PERMA model-based positive psychology intervention and levels of psychological distress and compliance behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Diabetes distress among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the North of West Bank-Palestine.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Self-Care in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- Exploring potential associations between GLP-1RAs and depressive disorders: a pharmacovigilance study based on FAERS and VigiBase data.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Mental Health and Metabolic Outcomes in Early Postpartum in Women with Prediabetes After Gestational Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the MELINDA Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Diabetes Educators: Understanding the Role of Finerenone in Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Beyond glycemic control: a holistic perspective on psychosocial support in outpatient diabetes management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Race and ethnic disparities in insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor use between 2017 and 2024: a systematic review with a focus on health equity.Journal of health equity · 2025Article
- Psychometric validation of type 2 Diabetes Distress Assessment System in an Indian type 2 diabetes population.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Patient-centered care in diabetes care-concepts, relationships and practice.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe examined longitudinal associations between emotional distress (specifically, depressive symptoms and diabetes distress) and medication adherence in Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE), a large randomized controlled trial comparing four glucose-lowering medications added to metformin in adults with relatively recent-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe Emotional Distress Substudy assessed medication adherence, depressive symptoms, and diabetes distress in 1,739 GRADE participants via self-completed questionnaires administered biannually up to 3 years. We examined baseline depressive symptoms and diabetes distress as predictors of medication adherence over 36 months. Bidirectional visit-to-visit relationships were also examined. Treatment satisfaction, beliefs about medication, diabetes care self-efficacy, and perceived control over diabetes were evaluated as mediators of longitudinal associations.
resultsAt baseline, mean ± SD age of participants (56% of whom were White, 17% Hispanic/Latino, 18% Black, and 66% male) was 58.0 ± 10.2 years, diabetes duration 4.2 ± 2.8 years, HbA1c 7.5% ± 0.5%, and medication adherence 89.9% ± 11.1%. Higher baseline depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were independently associated with lower adherence over 36 months (P < 0.001). Higher depressive symptoms and diabetes distress at one visit predicted lower adherence at the subsequent 6-month visit (P < 0.0001) but not vice versa. Treatment assignment did not moderate relationships. Patient-reported concerns about diabetes medications mediated the largest percentage (11.9%-15.5%) of the longitudinal link between emotional distress and adherence.
conclusionsDepressive symptoms and diabetes distress both predict lower adherence to glucose-lowering medications over time among adults with T2DM. Addressing emotional distress and concerns about anticipated negative effects of taking these treatments may be important to support diabetes treatment adherence.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.