SynthesisFrontiers in public health2023
Describing financial toxicity among cancer patients in different income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing Financial Toxicity in Cancer: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using an Asset Framework.Cancer medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Financial toxicity among patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Magnitude of catastrophic health expenditure and its determinants among cancer patients in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Measure (CaSUN) in Russian- and Kazakh-Speaking Cancer Survivors in Kazakhstan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and health system constraints in pediatric hematologic malignancies in East Africa and implications for WHO classification reconsidering in limited resource settings.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Association between time to treatment and financial toxicity among women with breast cancer in Ethiopia: a multicentre study in a low-resource setting.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Oncology: A Concise Review of Utilization, Evidence, and Integration Challenges.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Mediating Role of Family Resilience and Avoidance Between Financial Toxicity and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Direct and Indirect Costs of Cancer in Adult Population of Poland in the Period 2021-2023.Cancers · 2025Article
- The financial toxicity of breast cancer: a systematic mapping of the literature and identification of research challenges.Radiology and oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Influence of age on financial toxicity in cancer patients.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2024Article
- A Costly Cure: Understanding and Addressing Financial Toxicity in Cardiovascular Disease Health Care Within the Domain of Social Determinants of Health.Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal · 2024Review
- Extent and Mitigation of Financial Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence of financial toxicity (FT) among cancer patients from countries of various income levels. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of objective and subjective FT and their measurements in relation to cancer treatment. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched to find studies that examined FT. There was no limit on the design or setting of the study. Random-effects meta-analysis was utilized to obtain the pooled prevalence of objective FT. Results: Out of 244 identified studies during the initial screening, only 64 studies were included in this review. The catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) method was often used in the included studies to determine the objective FT. The pooled prevalence of CHE was 47% (95% CI: 24.0-70.0) in middle- and high-income countries, and the highest percentage was noted in low-income countries (74.4%). A total of 30 studies focused on subjective FT, of which 9 used the Comprehensive Score for FT (COST) tool and reported median scores ranging between 17.0 and 31.9. Conclusion: This study shows that cancer patients from various income-group countries experienced a significant financial burden during their treatment. It is imperative to conduct further studies on interventions and policies that can lower FT caused by cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.