Evidence mapPaperPMID 38239681Full record

ArticleChemical science2024

The allosteric mechanism of mTOR activation can inform bitopic inhibitor optimization.

Yonglan Liu, Mingzhen Zhang, Hyunbum Jang, Ruth Nussinov

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chemical science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. The structural heterogeneity of AKT autoinhibition.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Resistance to Allosteric Inhibitors.Journal of molecular biology · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Molecular principles underlying aggressive cancers.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Making PI3K superfamily enzymes run faster.Advances in biological regulation · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Yonglan LiuCancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-5992
Mingzhen ZhangComputational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD 21702 USA NussinoR@mail.nih.gov +1-301-846-5579.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-2884
Hyunbum JangComputational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD 21702 USA NussinoR@mail.nih.gov +1-301-846-5579.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-4051
Ruth NussinovComputational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD 21702 USA NussinoR@mail.nih.gov +1-301-846-5579.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-6415
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research · USNational Cancer Institute · USTel Aviv University · IL

Funding

Protein Structure, Stability, and Amyloid FormationZIABC010440 · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2025 to 2025
$1.2M
Biomolecular Recognition and Binding MechanismsZIABC010441 · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2025 to 2025
$984k
Method Development: Efficient Computer Vision Based AlgorithmsZIABC010442 · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2025 to 2025
$246k
NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201500003CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201500003I
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

mTOR serine/threonine kinase is a cornerstone in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Yet, the detailed mechanism of activation of its catalytic core is still unresolved, likely due to mTOR complexes' complexity. Its dysregulation was implicated in cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and compiled published experimental data, we determine exactly how mTOR's inherent motifs can control the conformational changes in the kinase domain, thus kinase activity. We also chronicle the critical regulation by the unstructured negative regulator domain (NRD). When positioned inside the catalytic cleft (NRD IN state), mTOR tends to adopt a deep and closed catalytic cleft. This is primarily due to the direct interaction with the FKBP-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain which restricts it, preventing substrate access. Conversely, when outside the catalytic cleft (NRD OUT state), mTOR favors an open conformation, exposing the substrate-binding site on the FRB domain. We further show how an oncogenic mutation (L2427R) promotes shifting the mTOR ensemble toward the catalysis-favored state. Collectively, we extend mTOR's "active-site restriction" mechanism and clarify mutation action. In particular, our mechanism suggests that RMC-5552 (RMC-6272) bitopic inhibitors may benefit from adjustment of the (PEG

Identifiers

PMID38239681
PMCPMC10793652
OpenAlexW4389458837

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.