Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38245248›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2024

The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease.

Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Sirwan Darweesh, Jorge Llibre-Guerra, Connie Marras, Marta San Luciano, Caroline Tanner

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 490 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
490citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

490 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Enteric Nervous System Damage by Food Contaminants: A Pathway to Neurodegeneration?Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  7. Trial
  8. Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: from a simple insult to a dynamic regulator.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026
    Review
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  13. Article
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  19. Eating Disorders and Parkinson's Disease-2: Genetic Epidemiology and Shared Genomics.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

430 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yoav Ben-ShlomoPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. Electronic address: y.ben-shlomo@bristol.ac.uk.
Sirwan DarweeshCentre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Jorge Llibre-GuerraWashington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Connie MarrasThe Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Marta San LucianoWeill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Caroline TannerWeill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

Understanding Alzheimer disease heterogeneity in Hispanic populations.K01AG073526 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Jorge Jesus Llibre-Guerra · 2022 to 2026
$511k
Medical Research CouncilNIA NIH HHS K01 AG073526Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease shows marked variations in time, geography, ethnicity, age, and sex. Internationally, prevalence has increased over and above demographic changes. There are several potential reasons for this increase, including the decline in other competing causes of death. Whether incidence is increasing, especially in women or in many low-income and middle-income countries where there is a shortage of high-quality data, is less certain. Parkinson's disease is more common in older people and men, and a variety of environmental factors have been suggested to explain why, including exposure to neurotoxic agents. Within countries, there appear to be ethnic differences in disease risk, although these differences might reflect differential access to health care. The cause of Parkinson's disease is multifactorial, and involves genetic and environmental factors. Both risk factors (eg, pesticides) and protective factors (eg, physical activity and tendency to smoke) have been postulated to have a role in Parkinson's disease, although elucidating causality is complicated by the long prodromal period. Following the establishment of public health strategies to prevent cardiovascular diseases and some cancers, chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and dementia are gaining a deserved higher priority. Multipronged prevention strategies are required that tackle population-based primary prevention, high-risk targeted secondary prevention, and Parkinson's disease-modifying therapies for tertiary prevention. Future international collaborations will be required to triangulate evidence from basic, applied, and epidemiological research, thereby enhancing the understanding and prevention of Parkinson's disease at a global level.

Indexed as

Parkinson DiseaseAgedCausalityFemaleHumansIncidenceMalePovertyRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID38245248
PMCPMC11123577

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.