ReviewCells2024
Midkine (MDK) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: More than a Biomarker.
Review in Cells, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling identifies a fibroblast-like endothelial state and the MDK-NCL signaling axis in prostate cancer microenvironment remodeling.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Targeted extracellular vesicle-photoimmunotherapy remodels stromal-immune microenvironment to boost chemo-immunotherapy in preclinical models.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Serum Midkine as a Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Response and Prognostication.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Rewiring immunity: Midkine's emerging role in cancer immune escape and drug resistance.iScience · 2026Review
- MDK Activates the PI3K/AKT Axis to Induce AP2A1 Expression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-derived lncRNA-NEAT1 serves as potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Midkine (MDK) as a central regulator of the tumor microenvironment: From developmental cytokine to therapeutic target.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- Pharmacological Targeting of Midkine (MDK) Reveals Stiffness-Dependent Control of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasiveness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Midkine-Mediated Microglia Activation after Renal Injury Promotes Cognitive Impairment Following Ischemic Renal Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Discovery and Characterization of HBS-101, a Novel Inhibitor of Midkine, as a Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Midkine Expression as a Candidate Biomarker to Predict the Recurrence of Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- The Future of Tumor Markers: Advancing Early Malignancy Detection Through Omics Technologies, Continuous Monitoring, and Personalized Reference Intervals.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveals the cellular heterogeneity of vestibular schwannoma.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Revealing the prognostic potential of natural killer cell-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: the key role of NRAS.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- A novel pH-sensitive nanoparticles encapsulating anti-PD-1 antibody and MDK-siRNA overcome immune checkpoint blockade resistance in HCC via reshaping immunosuppressive TME.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Identification of cellular senescence-associated genes for predicting the diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma via a 113-combination machine learning framework.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Racial disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma: a TCGA-based gene expression study of Caucasian and Asian populations.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Article
- Emerging regulators of gastric cancer angiogenesis: Synergistic effects of regulator of G protein signaling 4 and midkine.CytoJournal · 2025Article
- High Midkine Expression Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Nanocomposites to Overcoming Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a multifunctional secreted protein that can act as a cytokine or growth factor regulating multiple signaling pathways and being implicated in fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Although its expression in normal adult tissues is barely detectable, MDK serum levels are found to be elevated in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize the findings of recent studies on the role of MDK in HCC diagnosis and progression. Overall, studies show that MDK is a powerful biomarker for HCC early diagnosis, as it can differentiate not only between HCC patients and normal individuals but also between HCC patients and patients with other liver pathologies. It is correlated with high recurrence rates and was shown to be valuable for the diagnosis of early-stage HCC, even in patients negative for α-fetoprotein (AFP), the most commonly used biomarker for HCC diagnosis. A comparison with AFP reveals that MDK is inferior to AFP with regard to specificity but significantly superior with regard to sensitivity, which further indicates the need for using both biomarkers for more effective HCC diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.