ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2023
Sex differences in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure with preserved and mid-range ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Circulating nitric oxide pathway metabolites in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a sex-stratified cross-sectional analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2026Trial
- Redesigning cardiovascular medicine around sex differences.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-specific association between obesity and sympathetic nerve activity in HFpEF.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Gender disparities in heart failure diagnosis and management: under the radar.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Prescription of guideline-directed medical therapy in heart failure: impact on mortality and readmission.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The influence of sex on the prognosis of heart failure with preserved or intermediate ejection fraction (HFpEF and HFmrEF) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate whether sex differences impact the prognosis of patients diagnosed with HFpEF and HFmrEF. Methods: A comprehensive search across three databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase) was conducted to identify sex-related prognostic cohort studies focusing on HFpEF and HFmrEF. Risk estimates were synthesized using the random effects model. The analysis included 14 cohorts comprising 41,508 HFpEF patients (44.65% males) and 10,692 HFmrEF patients (61.79% males). Results: Among HFpEF patients, men exhibited significantly higher rates of all-cause mortality (13 studies; hazard ratio (HR): 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15 to 1.33)) and cardiovascular disease mortality (5 studies; HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.31) compared to women. However, no significant difference was observed in HF admissions. For HFmrEF patients, men displayed notably higher all-cause mortality (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.31) but no significant differences in cardiovascular mortality or HF admissions. Discussion: These findings suggest that male patients diagnosed with HFpEF and HFmrEF may face a more unfavorable prognosis in terms of all-cause mortality. Variations were noted in cardiovascular mortality and HF admissions, indicating potential complexities in sex-related prognostic factors within these heart failure categories. In summary, male patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF may have a more unfavorable prognosis.
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Registered trials
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