ArticleJournal of medical virology2024
Th2 and Th17-associated immunopathology following SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in Spike-vaccinated ACE2-humanized mice.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Manifestations and Immunological Impacts in Co-Infections and Sequential Infections of SARS-CoV-2 and Arboviruses.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Prior human endemic coronavirus exposure does not affect humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Hamsters immunized with formalin-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 develop accelerated lung histopathological lesions and Th2-biased response following infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- CCR2 signaling regulates anti-chlamydia T cell immune responses in the airway.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Unraveled role of TLR7-mediated interferon signaling activation in COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Bivalent Vaccine for Combined Prophylaxis of COVID-19 and Influenza in Non-Human Primates.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Maternal-fetal cytokine profiles in acute SARS-CoV-2 "breakthrough" infection after COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Application of the humanized mouse model in research into SARS-CoV-2 infection (Review).Medicine internationalReview
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in protecting against COVID-19; however, concerns regarding vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory diseases (VAERD) following breakthrough infections have emerged. Spike protein subunit vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 induce VAERD in hamsters, where aluminum adjuvants promote a Th2-biased immune response, leading to increased type 2 pulmonary inflammation in animals with breakthrough infections. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential risks and the underlying mechanisms of VAERD, we immunized ACE2-humanized mice with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein adjuvanted with aluminum and CpG-ODN. Subsequently, we exposed them to increasing doses of SARS-CoV-2 to establish a breakthrough infection. The vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses, reduced viral titers, and enhanced host survival. However, following a breakthrough infection, vaccinated animals exhibited severe pulmonary immunopathology, characterized by a significant perivascular infiltration of eosinophils and CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.