ArticleCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2024
Evidence for the Association Between Adverse Childhood Family Environment, Child Abuse, and Caregiver Warmth and Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
Article in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs): A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Pooled it
- Proteomic insights into childhood adversity: Exploring biological mechanisms and cognitive outcomes in the CARDIA study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Multimorbidity.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The role of social support on change in C-reactive Protein and BMI among youth with and without child maltreatment history.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Era to Action: 40 Years of Health Disparity Research in Cardiovascular Disease and the Path to Equity.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Childhood Maltreatment and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Sex and Life's Essential 8 in the U.K. Biobank.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Future of Families: Cardiovascular Health Among Young Adults Cohort Study: Rationale, Key Questions, Study Design, and Participant Characteristics.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Long-term health care savings of preventing child maltreatment.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Intervening After Trauma: Child-Parent Psychotherapy Treatment Is Associated With Lower Pediatric Epigenetic Age Acceleration.Psychological science · 2024Article
- Considering Social Context to Understand Childhood Adversities and Cardiovascular Health.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
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11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to quantify the association between childhood family environment and longitudinal cardiovascular health (CVH) in adult CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study participants. We further investigated whether the association differs by adult income.
methodsWe applied the CVH framework from the American Heart Association including metrics for smoking, cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose, body mass index, physical activity, and diet. CVH scores (range, 0-14) were calculated at years 0, 7, and 20 of the study. Risky Family environment (range, 7-28) was assessed at year 15 retrospectively, for childhood experiences of abuse, caregiver warmth, and family or household challenges. Complete case ordinal logistic regression and mixed models associated risky family (exposure) with CVH (outcome), adjusting for age, sex, race, and alcohol use.
resultsThe sample (n=2074) had a mean age of 25.3 (±3.5) years and 56% females at baseline. The median risky family was 10 with ideal CVH (≥12) met by 288 individuals at baseline (28.4%) and 165 (16.3%) at year 20. Longitudinally, for every 1-unit greater risky family, the odds of attaining high CVH (≥10) decreased by 3.6% (OR, 0.9645 [95% CI, 0.94-0.98]). Each unit greater child abuse and caregiver warmth score corresponded to 12.8% lower and 11.7% higher odds of ideal CVH (≥10), respectively (OR, 0.872 [95% CI, 0.77-0.99]; OR, 1.1165 [95% CI, 1.01-1.24]), across all 20 years of follow-up. Stratified analyses by income in adulthood demonstrated associations between risky family environment and CVH remained significant for those of the highest adult income (>$74k), but not the lowest (<$35k).
conclusionsAlthough risky family environmental factors in childhood increase the odds of poor longitudinal adult CVH, caregiver warmth may increase the odds of CVH, and socioeconomic attainment in adulthood may contextualize the level of risk. Toward a paradigm of primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease, childhood exposures and economic opportunity may play a crucial role in CVH across the life course.
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