Evidence mapPaperPMID 38278217Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2024

Intake of Pistachios as a Nighttime Snack Has Similar Effects on Short- and Longer-Term Glycemic Control Compared with Education to Consume 1-2 Carbohydrate Exchanges in Adults with Prediabetes: A 12-Wk Randomized Crossover Trial.

Terrence M Riley, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Tricia L Hart, Kristina S Petersen

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04056208 (The Effect of Pistachios on Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Individuals With Pre-diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04056208 phase2completednot on this map

The Effect of Pistachios on Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Individuals With Pre-diabetes: a Randomized, Cross-over Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorPenn State UniversityRan2019 to 2022Enrolled66ConditionsType 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular DiseasesArmsPistachio, Usual care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Terrence M RileyDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Penny M Kris-EthertonDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Tricia L HartDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Kristina S PetersenDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States. Electronic address: KUP63@psu.edu.
Pennsylvania State University · US

Funding

Penn State Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR002014 · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · 2025 to 2025
$3.8M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNut intake is associated with better glycemic control and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It remains unclear if nut intake timing affects glycemic control and CVD risk factors. Intake of pistachios as a nighttime snack may attenuate morning glucose production and lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

objectivesWe assessed the effects of a nighttime (after dinner and before bedtime) pistachio snack (57 g/d) on glycemic control markers, vascular health, lipids/lipoproteins, and diet quality compared with education to consume 1-2 carbohydrate (CHO) exchanges (usual care) in individuals with prediabetes.

methodsA 2-period, randomized crossover trial was conducted. Participants were provided 57 g/d of dry roasted unsalted pistachios (319 kcal; fat 26 g; CHO 16 g; protein 12 g; fiber 6 g) as a nighttime snack or received usual care for 12 wk. Primary (FPG) and secondary outcomes [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids/lipoproteins, vascular health, and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015)] were measured before and after each condition.

resultsA total of 66 participants (50.9 ± 11.6 y, FPG: 106.2 ± 6.4 mg/dL) were randomly assigned, and 51 participants completed the trial. No between-condition differences in FPG {0.9 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.2, 3.1]}, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids/lipoproteins, blood pressure, or vascular health were observed. The HEI-2015 score was higher after the pistachio condition [6.8 points (95% CI: 1.5, 12.1)] than after usual care driven by higher component scores for seafood and plant proteins [2.0 points (95% CI: 1.0, 2.9)], refined grains [2.3 points (95% CI: 1.1, 3.5)], and the fatty acid ratio [1.7 points (95% CI: 0.0, 3.5)].

conclusionsIn adults with prediabetes, consuming 57 g/d of pistachios as a nighttime snack increased diet quality but had similar effects on glycemic markers, lipids/lipoproteins, blood pressure, and vascular health compared with the usual care comparator. Pistachios may be a healthful alternative to carbohydrate-rich nighttime snacks to increase alignment with Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04056208.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesInsulin ResistancePistaciaPrediabetic StateAdultBlood GlucoseCross-Over StudiesGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansInsulinLipidsLipoproteinsSnacksBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinInsulinLipidsLipoproteinscarbohydrate exchangesnutritional interventionpistachiosprediabetesrandomized crossover trial

Identifiers

PMID38278217
PMCPMC11347794
OpenAlexW4391188320

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.