ArticleCell2024
Gut complement induced by the microbiota combats pathogens and spares commensals.
Article in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging the gap:Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Marine-Derived Proteins: Individual Variability in Health Effects Across Protein Structure, Host Genetics, and Gut Microbiota.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Protective immunity againstmSphere · 2026Article
- Commensal bacteria inhibit viral infections via a tryptophan metabolite.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An Update and Overview of the Ocular and Extraocular Microbiome and Its Impact on Ophthalmic Care.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Identification and validation of fecal complement component 3 and fibronectin as potential biomarkers for monitoring disease activity in ulcerative colitis based on a mouse model.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The island biology of the host microbiome.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Exoproteome of calorie-restricted humans identifies complement deactivation as an immunometabolic checkpoint reducing inflammaging.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Variation in Microbiome Composition and Faecal Metabolites Are Associated With Differential Susceptibility to DSS-Induced Colitis.Immunology · 2026Article
- Panacis Quinquefolii Radix Polysaccharides Alleviate Depressive-Like Behaviors in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Mice by Suppressing Complement C1Q/C3-Mediated Microglial Synaptic Pruning and Modulating Gut Microbiota.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Pan-Metabolomics Repository Mapping of the Carnitine Landscape.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Human DNA levels in feces reflect gut inflammation and associate with presence of gut species in IBD patients across the age spectrum.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Kinetics of local C3 production orchestrates neutrophil recruitment in lung injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exploring the gut microbiome in systemic lupus erythematosus: metagenomic and metabolomic insights into a new pro-inflammatory bacteria Clostridium scindens.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Community Curation of Microbial Metabolites Enables Biological Insights of Metabolomics Data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mucosally sourced complement factor B modulates the host response to colitis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The gut-retina axis in age-related macular degeneration: immune crosstalk and metabolite production.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- The gut-eye axis in age-related macular degeneration: from microbial dysbiosis to targeted intervention strategies.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Effects and Mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum G83 on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-Induced Intestinal Inflammation.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Canonically, the complement system is known for its rapid response to remove microbes in the bloodstream. However, relatively little is known about a functioning complement system on intestinal mucosal surfaces. Herein, we report the local synthesis of complement component 3 (C3) in the gut, primarily by stromal cells. C3 is expressed upon commensal colonization and is regulated by the composition of the microbiota in healthy humans and mice, leading to an individual host's specific luminal C3 levels. The absence of membrane attack complex (MAC) components in the gut ensures that C3 deposition does not result in the lysis of commensals. Pathogen infection triggers the immune system to recruit neutrophils to the infection site for pathogen clearance. Basal C3 levels directly correlate with protection against enteric infection. Our study reveals the gut complement system as an innate immune mechanism acting as a vigilant sentinel that combats pathogens and spares commensals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.