Evidence mapPaperPMID 382871Full record

ArticleThe American journal of physiology1979

Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.

R A DeFronzo, J D Tobin, R Andres

17 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of physiology, 1979. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 17 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,425 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,425citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01589445 phase4completedstarted 2008, after this paper: background citation

Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.

Ran2008Enrolled77Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons11ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsMetformin hydrochloride, pioglitazone hydrochloride
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04131582 phase3unknown statusstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effect of a Quadruple Therapy on Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Mixed Prediabetes and Obesity: Randomized Clinical Trial

Ran2019Enrolled34Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsInsulin Resistance, Prediabetic StateArmsLinagliptin + metformin and Empagliflozin + metformin, Metformin
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00800085 phase1 / phase2unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2006, after this paper: background citation

Beta Cell Function in (Pre) Type 1 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselRan2006 to 2015Enrolled200ConditionsType 1 DiabetesArmsglucose 20%
NCT00940797 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2008, after this paper: background citation

Effect of DMMET-01 on Insulin Sensitivity in Naive Type 2 Diabetes Patients by Glucose CLAMP Technique

TypeinterventionalSponsorLaboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V.Ran2008Enrolled20ConditionsDiabetes Type 2ArmsDMMET-01, Placebo
NCT00983554 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2005, after this paper: background citation

Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Alone or in Combination With Dutasteride or Anastrazole in Obese Men

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)Ran2005 to 2009Enrolled57ConditionsObesity, Insulin ResistanceArmsAnastrazole, Testosterone, Dutasteride, GnRH antagonist
NCT01447524 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2010, after this paper: background citation

Very Low Calorie Diet: a Quick Therapeutic Tool to Improve Beta Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRan2010 to 2011Enrolled14ConditionsMorbid Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsVery Low Calorie Diet
NCT01619215 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2012, after this paper: background citation

The Effects of Bariatric Surgeries on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

TypeobservationalSponsorKing Saud UniversityRan2012 to 2018Enrolled35ConditionsObesity, Morbid, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
NCT01642485 phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2011, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Foods, Carbohydrate Meal, and a Euglycaemic Insulin Clamp on the QT/QTc Interval Using a Single Dose of Moxifloxacin as a Positive Control in Healthy Male and Female, Caucasian and Japanese Volunteers

TypeinterventionalSponsorRichmond Pharmacology LimitedRan2011 to 2011Enrolled32ConditionsEffects of Different Meals on the QT/QTc Interval, Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic [Antidiabetic] Drugs Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use, C-Peptide Effects on the QT/QTc Interval, Moxifloxacin ECG Profile in Fed and Fasted StateArmsMoxifloxacin 400 mg fasted, FDA breakfast, Continental breakfast, Moxifloxacin 400 mg fed, Insulin Clamp
NCT01844700 phase4terminatednot on this mapstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

1/2-MC4R Genotype and Pediatric Antipsychotic Drug- Induced Weight Gain

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorthwell HealthRan2013 to 2014Enrolled14ConditionsHigh Risk MC4R Genotype, Low Risk MC4R Genotype, One Week or Less Antipsychotic Lifetime ExposureArmsZiprasidone, aripiprazole, quetiapine, or risperidone
NCT02684929 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Chronic Dietary Exposure to Branched Chain Amino Acids on Insulin Sensitivity Measures in Healthy Vegans and Omnivores

TypeinterventionalSponsorCharles University, Czech RepublicRan2013 to 2015Enrolled16ConditionsType 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Features of Insulin ResistanceArmsbranched chain amino acids
NCT02933645 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Intranasal Insulin Administration on Tissue Specific Insulin Sensitivity

TypeinterventionalSponsorTurku University HospitalRan2016 to 2016Enrolled10ConditionsInsulin ResistanceArmsActrapid, Placebo, [18F]-FDG PET-CT, Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp
NCT02962921 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2003, after this paper: background citation

Acute Insulin Effects on Cardiac Function in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

TypeinterventionalSponsorRambam Health Care CampusRan2003 to 2004Enrolled6ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Ventricular DysfunctionArmsInsulin LISPRO intravenous loading
NCT03294915 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Resistant Starch From Green Banana Flour on the Insulin Sensitivity of Subjects With Prediabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorHospital de Clinicas de Porto AlegreRan2018 to 2020Enrolled20ConditionsPrediabetesArmsResistant Starch, Placebo
NCT03495128 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Determination of the Time-course of Development of Insulin Resistance, and Associated Molecular and Muscular Adaptations, During Inactivity in 3 Days of Bed-rest

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of NottinghamRan2018 to 2019Enrolled10ConditionsMuscle Atrophy, Insulin SensitivityArmsBed Rest, Reconditioning
NCT03520569 early_phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Hyperglycemia on Microvascular Perfusion in Healthy Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of VirginiaRan2019 to 2021Enrolled15ConditionsVascular Stiffness, Insulin SensitivityArmsOctreotide, Insulin, Dextrose 20% solution
NCT04881851 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Inositol Alone or Associated With Alpha-lipoic Acid in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversita di VeronaRan2015 to 2025Enrolled76ConditionsPolycystic Ovary SyndromeArmsInositol + alpha lipoic acid, Inositol, Folic acid (placebo comparator)
NCT07364669 phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross Over Study to Assess Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Insulex® R in Comparison to Humulin® R in Healthy Subjects

TypeinterventionalSponsorLaboratorios Pisa S.A. de C.V.Ran2024 to 2025Enrolled40ConditionsHealthy SubjectsArmsInsulex® R (soluble human insulin, biosimilar), Humulin® R (soluble human insulin, biosimilar)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2,425 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Relationship between aerobic fitness and adipose tissue insulin resistance.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
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  17. Optimizing measures of insulin-regulated lipolysis in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
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  19. Gut microbes · 2026
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2,365 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

R A DeFronzo
J D Tobin
R Andres

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methods for the quantification of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose (hyperglycemic clamp technique) and of tissue sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic insulin clamp technique) are described. Hyperglycemic clamp technique. The plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised to 125 mg/dl above basal levels by a priming infusion of glucose. The desired hyperglycemic plateau is subsequently maintained by adjustment of a variable glucose infusion, based on the negative feedback principle. Because the plasma glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism. Under these conditions of constant hyperglycemia, the plasma insulin response is biphasic with an early burst of insulin release during the first 6 min followed by a gradually progressive increase in plasma insulin concentration. Euglycemic insulin clamp technique. The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at approximately 100 muU/ml by a prime-continuous infusion of insulin. The plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion using the negative feedback principle. Under these steady-state conditions of euglycemia, the glucose infusion rate equals glucose uptake by all the tissues in the body and is therefore a measure of tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin.

Indexed as

MethodsScienceGlucoseHumansInsulinInsulin SecretionIslets of LangerhansMathematicsTime FactorsGlucoseInsulin

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 11 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.