ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2025
A new ex vivo human model of osteoarthritis cartilage calcification.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Predictive Performance of Raman Spectroscopy in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.Journal of medical systems · 2025Pooled it
- Studying the formation of the zone of calcified cartilage in bovine cartilage explantsOsteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026Article
- Cell Calcification Models and Their Implications for Medicine and Biomaterial Research.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Fatty acid binding protein 4 induces osteogenesis and angiogenesis as pathogenesis of metabolic osteoarthritis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCartilage pathologic calcification is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we aimed to describe a new ex vivo human model to study the progression of cartilage calcification.
methodCartilage explants (n = 11), as well as primary chondrocytes (n = 3), were obtained from OA patients undergoing knee replacement. Explants and chondrocytes were cultured in control (NT) or calcification (CM) medium (supplemented with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate). Calcification was evaluated by micro-CT scan at day 0 and 21 in explants, and by Alizarin red staining in chondrocyte monolayers. Raman spectrometry allowed characterization of the crystal type. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in explant and cell supernatants was measured by ELISA. Finally, matrix degradation was evaluated by Safranin-O staining of explant sections and by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) released in supernatants.
resultsMicro-CT scan showed calcifications in all explants at baseline (day 0), which in the CM group increased significantly in number and size after 21 days compared with the NT group. Raman spectrometry revealed that crystals were exclusively basic calcium phosphate crystals (carbonated hydroxyapatite) both in NT and CM. IL-6 secretion was significantly increased in calcifying conditions. Finally, CM significantly increased cartilage catabolism as assessed by decreased Safranin-O staining of tissue explants and increased GAG release in supernatants. CM effects (enhanced calcification, IL-6 secretion and proteoglycans turn-over) were recapitulated in vitro in OA chondrocytes.
conclusionsWe have described a new ex vivo human model of cartilage calcification that can summarize the triad of events seen during osteoarthritis progression, i.e. calcification, inflammation and cartilage degradation. This model will allow the identification of new anti-calcification compounds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.