ReviewJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2024
Cardiometabolic risk factors and neurodegeneration: a review of the mechanisms underlying diabetes, obesity and hypertension in Alzheimer's disease.
Review in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cardiometabolic risk factors and brain age: a meta-analysis to quantify brain structural differences related to diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- Phosphatidylethanolamine-mediated metabolic membrane remodeling in obesity-associated Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, neuroimmune crosstalk, and therapeutic potential.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Review
- Agricultural pesticide use and Alzheimer's disease dementia prevalence across US counties in a mixed supervised-unsupervised analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Multidimensional factors associated with cognitive impairment: the roles of depression, sarcopenia, frailty, and chronic diseases in community-dwelling older women.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2026Article
- The Use of Statins in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease: A 2021-2025 State-of-the-Art Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Review
- Plant-mediated green nanoparticles: combining nanometal and biometabolite potential for Alzheimer's treatment.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Neurosteroid-Mediated Neuroprotection via mTORC1/AMPK/BDNF Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of an in vivo biomarker of arteriolosclerosis (ARTS) and its associations with cognition and multimodal ATN(V) biomarkers in a cardiometabolic-risk enriched community cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Response: Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Obesity: A Narrative Review of Their Association and Potential Mechanisms (J Obes Metab Syndr 2025;34:27-40).Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Interactions between rare variants in DNA repair genes and cardiometabolic risk explain more variability in cognitive function.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Longitudinal blood pressure trajectories and tau-lipid biomarkers associated with dementia in hypertensive adults: Results from the population-based CRHCP cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The N6-Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase AlkB Homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in Metabolic Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacological Implications-A Review.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Renin-angiotensin system blockade attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation associated with hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Obesity as a catalyst for neurodegeneration.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- The brain and heart-axis in neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Modifiable Factors Associated with the Longitudinal Increase and Spatial Extent of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer Disease.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Article
- Contextual variability in under-diagnosed cardiometabolic disease and cognitive vulnerability among populations at high risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Research square · 2026Article
- Effects of Minimally Processed Red Meat within a Plant-Forward Diet on Biomarkers of Physical and Cognitive Aging: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Feeding Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Clinical dietitian-led nutrition counseling and exercise to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults living with a BMI above 27 and severe mental illness: the NORMI-Heart trial protocol.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that cardiometabolic risk factors play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diabetes, obesity and hypertension are highly prevalent and can accelerate neurodegeneration and perpetuate the burden of AD. Insulin resistance and enzymes including insulin degrading enzymes are implicated in AD where breakdown of insulin is prioritised over amyloid-β. Leptin resistance and inflammation demonstrated by higher plasma and central nervous system levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α, are mechanisms connecting obesity and diabetes with AD. Leptin has been shown to ameliorate AD pathology and enhance long-term potentiation and hippocampal-dependent cognitive function. The renin-aldosterone angiotensin system, involved in hypertension, has been associated with AD pathology and neurotoxic reactive oxygen species, where angiotensin binds to specific angiotensin-1 receptors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. This review aims to consolidate the evidence behind putative processes stimulated by obesity, diabetes and hypertension, which leads to increased AD risk. We focus on how novel knowledge can be applied clinically to facilitate recognition of efficacious treatment strategies for AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.