ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2024
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging-based investigation of the role of perfusion and oxygen availability in menstrual pain.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- \Stopping Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Drugs Inhibiting Uterine Contractions.Journal of endometriosis and uterine disorders · 2026Article
- Expression of circulating GRP78 and gp96, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, in menstrual and bladder pain sensitivity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Mechanisms of Dysmenorrhea: Novel Insights From Menstrual Effluent in an Adolescent Cohort.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Decoding uterine (dys)function in fibroids through multimodal assessment of functional determinants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction open · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe mechanisms responsible for menstrual pain are poorly understood. However, dynamic, noninvasive pelvic imaging of menstrual pain sufferers could aid in identifying therapeutic targets and testing novel treatments.
objectiveTo study the mechanisms responsible for menstrual pain, we analyzed ultrasonographic and complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging parameters in dysmenorrhea sufferers and pain-free controls under multiple conditions. STUDY
designWe performed functional magnetic resonance imaging on participants with and those without dysmenorrhea during menses and outside menses. To clarify whether regional changes in oxygen availability and perfusion occur, functional magnetic resonance imaging R2∗ measurements of the endometrium and myometrium were obtained. R2∗ measurements are calculated nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation rates sensitive to the paramagnetic properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. We also compared parameters before and after an analgesic dose of naproxen sodium. In addition, we performed similar measurements with Doppler ultrasonography to identify if changes in uterine arterial velocity occurred during menstrual cramping in real time. Mixed model statistics were performed to account for within-subject effects across conditions. Corrections for multiple comparisons were made with a false discovery rate adjustment.
resultsDuring menstruation, a notable increase in R2∗ values, indicative of tissue ischemia, was observed in both the myometrium (beta ± standard error of the mean, 15.74±2.29 s
conclusionFunctional magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler metrics suggest that participants with dysmenorrhea have better perfusion and oxygen availability than pain-free controls. Naproxen sodium's therapeutic mechanism is associated with relative reductions in uterine perfusion and oxygen availability. An opposite pharmacologic effect was observed in pain-free controls. During menstrual cramping, there is insufficient evidence of episodic impaired uterine perfusion. Thus, prostaglandins may have protective vasoconstrictive effects in pain-free controls and opposite effects in participants with dysmenorrhea.
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Registered trials
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