SynthesisInternational ophthalmology2024
Association between metformin use and the risk of developing open-angle glaucoma among patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protective Role of Metformin in Glaucoma: Prospective Cohort Study, Meta-Analysis, and Drug-Target Mendelian Randomization.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Glaucoma Risk with Metformin and Sulfonylurea Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Global research trends on endoplasmic reticulum stress in retinal diseases from 2000 to 2024.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Associations of diabetes mellitus with primary open angle glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease: a large cohort study in UK biobank.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review on Clinical Evidence for Topical Metformin: Old Medication With New Application.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Integrating Deep Learning with Electronic Health Records for Early Glaucoma Detection: A Multi-Dimensional Machine Learning Approach.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRecent studies examining the neuroprotective effects of metformin on open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have failed to provide consistent results. In this study, we investigated the association between metformin use and OAG.
methodsData were obtained from a sample cohort of the Korean National Health Insurance database. Patients diagnosed with type-2 diabetes (T2DM) between 2004 and 2013 were included. We performed propensity score-matched analysis in a matched cohort (N = 20,646). The risk of the newly developed OAG was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Including the present study, the meta-analysis included five studies to calculate the pooled risk for OAG based on metformin use.
resultsIn the adjusted model, the analysis revealed no statistical association between metformin use and OAG incidence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-1.40; P = 0.738). The highest tercile of metformin use demonstrated no statistical significance (HR 0.93 [95% CI 0.63-1.37]; P = 0.703). No significant dose-dependent association was observed between the cumulative dose and incidence of OAG (P-value for trend = 0.336). In a meta-analysis of four published articles and the present study, the common-effects and random-effects models indicated conflicting results in terms of significance. The random effects model demonstrated no significant association (pooled risk ratio 0.53; 95% CI 0.24-1.19; P = 0.123).
conclusionWe found no significant association between metformin use and OAG incidence in patients with T2DM in this population-based cohort study and meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to investigate the association between metformin use and the risk of OAG among patients with T2DM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.