ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A neuraminidase-targeting nanobody as a therapeutic candidate against influenza A and B viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Camelid VHHs as a Versatile Platform for Combating Viral Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rational Design and Characterization of a Mutated Nanobody for Specific Targeting of Heparan Sulfate.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A High-Affinity Nanobody Selectively Recognizing KPC-2/KPC-3: Biochemical and Structural Insights.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Nanobodies in biomedicine: from molecular characteristics to fabrication and clinical translation.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Ilama VHH as a Substitute for Rabbit Polyclonal Antibodies in ELISpot Application.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A comprehensive strategy for pandemic preparedness with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.mAbs · 2025Article
- Review
- Multifunctional Nanobody Fusion Proteins in Immunoassays: Diverse Strategies for Enhanced Analytical Performance.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2025Article
- Nanobodies: a new frontier in influenza virus neutralization.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Nanobodies: From Discovery to AI-Driven Design.Biology · 2025Review
- Advancing pancreatic cancer therapy by mesothelin-specific nanobody conjugation.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Small but Mighty: Nanobodies in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Unveiling the new chapter in nanobody engineering: advances in traditional construction and AI-driven optimization.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Unique antibodies across the animal kingdom (birds, camelids, and sharks): therapeutic potential against human respiratory viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of the Behavior of Llamas Housed in a Research Facility in Response to Different Environmental Enrichment Stimuli.Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan GakkaihoArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.