ReviewEndocrine2024
Thyroid disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Review in Endocrine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced thyroid dysfunction improves the prognosis of patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Simultaneous immune checkpoint blockade-associated diabetes mellitus and thyrotoxicosis.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related thyroid dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Endocrine dysfunction induced by anti-PD-1 antibody and tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a pediatric patient with renal cell carcinoma.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Vanishing high-risk thyroid nodule following pembrolizumab-induced destructive thyroiditis: case report and focused literature review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Electrocardiographic changes in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiac injury: a narrative review.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer: from mechanistic insights to emerging combination frontlines.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Immune-Related Thyroid Dysfunction in PD-L1 High Non-Oncogene-Addicted NSCLC Treated with First-Line Pembrolizumab: Incidence, Timing, and Predictive Impact.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- The Real-World Endocrine Toxicity Profile of ICIs, VEGFR-TKIs, and Their Combination: Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Beyond Tumor Immunity: The Disruption of Endocrine and Infectious Homeostasis by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Allograft Rejection Risk: Emerging Evidence Regarding Their Use in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Challenges in subtyping disease entities of thyroid dysfunction following combined immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a case report.Thyroid research · 2025Article
- Dupilumab-Induced Graves' Disease in an Adult With Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunction.Endocrine · 2025Observational
- A Scoping Review on the Prevalence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and the Possible Associated Factors.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Management Aspects of Medical Therapy in Graves Disease.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Review
- Real-World Evaluation of Immune-Related Endocrinopathies in Metastatic NSCLC Patients Treated with ICIs in Romania.Cancers · 2025Article
- Serum autoantibody profiles in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Serplulimab-induced thyroid dysfunction in a patient with advanced small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary class of drugs that powerfully contribute to cancer therapy by harnessing the immune system to fight malignancies. However, their successful use as anti-cancer drugs is accompanied by a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), including endocrinopathies. Among them, thyroid dysfunction stands out as one of the most common endocrinopathies induced by ICI therapy and surfaces as a prominent concern. Destructive thyroiditis is the pathophysiological basis shared by the most common patterns of thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism and isolated hypothyroidism. Diagnostic approach is guided by clinical manifestation, laboratory evaluation and imaging modalities. Treatment approaches range from the substitution of levothyroxine to the utilization of beta blockers, depending on the extent of thyroid dysfunction's severity. While the medical community is dealing with the evolution and complexities of immunotherapy, recognizing and effectively managing ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction emerged as crucial for enhancing patient safety and achieving improved outcomes. The aim of this review is to navigate the significance of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction unraveling the various patterns, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies. It, also, highlights the impact of various factors such as cancer subtype, ICI dosage, age, and genetic susceptibility on the risk of experiencing dysfunction.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.