ArticleJournal of virology2024
Spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 avian influenza viruses contributed to H5N1 emergence in 2021/2022 panzootic.
Article in Journal of virology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus from seasonal influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ferret studies.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Pooled it
- Experimental Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Alpacas, 2026.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Evolving dynamics of H5Nx avian influenza in China revealed by long-term wild bird surveillance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020-2023.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Introduction and inter-species transmission dynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Japan 2021-25.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- A taxonomically harmonized global dataset of wild bird hosts for avian influenza virus surveillance.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Ecology and environment predict spatially stratified risk of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds across Europe.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unique phenomenon of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in China: co-circulation of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and H5N6 results in diversity of H5 Virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Characterization of emerging H3N3 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Persistence and spillback of mammal-adapted H5N1 genotype B3.2 viruses among South American seabirds and marine mammals.Research square · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, Virology, and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Kazakhstan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b: Evolution, Global Spread, and Host Range Expansion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Landscape changes elevate the risk of avian influenza virus diversification and emergence in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses: knowns, unknowns, and challenges.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.iMetaOmics · 2025Article
- Construction and Immune Strategy Optimization of a Vaccine Strain for Influenza A (H5N8) Subtype.Viruses · 2025Article
- Characteristics of the First Domestic Duck-Origin H12N8 Avian Influenza Virus in China.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Are we prepared for the next pandemic: Monitor on increasing human and animal H5N1 avian influenza infection.Chinese medical journal · 2024Article
- Panzootic HPAIV H5 and risks to novel mammalian hosts.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal and Species-Crossing Transmission Dynamics of Subclade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx HPAIVs.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Since 2020, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 viruses have swept through continents, posing serious threats to the world. Through comprehensive analyses of epidemiological, genetic, and bird migration data, we found that the dominant genotype replacement of the H5N8 viruses in 2020 contributed to the H5N1 outbreak in the 2021/2022 wave. The 2020 outbreak of the H5N8 G1 genotype instead of the G0 genotype produced reassortment opportunities and led to the emergence of a new H5N1 virus with G1's HA and MP genes. Despite extensive reassortments in the 2021/2022 wave, the H5N1 virus retained the HA and MP genes, causing a significant outbreak in Europe and North America. Furtherly, through the wild bird migration flyways investigation, we found that the temporal-spatial coincidence between the outbreak of the H5N8 G1 virus and the bird autumn migration may have expanded the H5 viral spread, which may be one of the main drivers of the emergence of the 2020-2022 H5 panzootic.IMPORTANCESince 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 subtype variants of clade 2.3.4.4b have spread across continents, posing unprecedented threats globally. However, the factors promoting the genesis and spread of H5 HPAI viruses remain unclear. Here, we found that the spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 HPAI viruses contributed to the emergence of the H5N1 variant that caused the 2021/2022 panzootic, and the viral evolution in poultry of Egypt and surrounding area and autumn bird migration from the Russia-Kazakhstan region to Europe are important drivers of the emergence of the 2020-2022 H5 panzootic. These findings provide important targets for early warning and could help control the current and future HPAI epidemics.
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