ArticleThrombosis and haemostasis2024
Racial Differences in Bleeding Risk: An Ecological Epidemiological Study Comparing Korea and United Kingdom Subjects.
Article in Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease Markers on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Predictors of Recurrent Vascular Events and Death in Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- 2024 Chinese Expert Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly, Endorsed by Geriatric Society of Chinese Medical Association (Cardiovascular Group) and Chinese Society of Geriatric Health Medicine (Cardiovascular Branch): Executive Summary.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Guideline
- Early versus delayed anticoagulation in acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation according to infarct volume and location: A prespecified subgroup analysis of the OPTIMAS randomized controlled trial.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Triple Therapy With Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Prior Atrial Fibrillation.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2026Article
- Anaemia and long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of uterine fibroids: evidence from real-world data.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
- Racial Differences in Bleeding Risks among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: An Ecological Epidemiological Study Comparing Korea and UK Population.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Beyond Inflammation: The Th1/Th17-Treg Axis as an Emerging Immune Signature of Atrial Fibrillation in Asians.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- The COOL-AF 3-year prediction models for death, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding: a report from the COOL-AF registry.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
- Primary Results of the SALAMANDER Registry: A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Performance of Bleeding Risk Scores for Major Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients with Pulmonary Embolism: Insights from the CURES Registry-2.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Phenotypes in Atrial Fibrillation.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Breakthrough Stroke in Women With Atrial Fibrillation: A Call for Sex-Specific Care and Better Outcomes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Optimal heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the COOL-AF registry.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Impact of Anaemia on Management and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From European and Asian Cohorts.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Air, Noise, and Light Pollution and Thromboembolic Cardiovascular Complications: A TH Scientific Statement.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic interplay in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving direct oral anticoagulants.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Long-term prognosis in Takotsubo syndrome compared to heart failure: observations from a global federated research network.ESC heart failure · 2026Observational
- Real-world outcomes of oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk of both bleeding and stroke: observational evidence from three international registries from middle East, Europe and Asia-Pacific.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Observational
- Impact of biological age versus chronological age on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the COOL-AF registry.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate racial differences in bleeding incidence by conducting an ecological epidemiological study using data from Korea and the United Kingdom.
methodsWe included healthy participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening and the UK Biobank who underwent health examinations between 2006 and 2010 and had no comorbidities or history of medication use. Finally, 112,750 East Asians (50.7% men, mean age 52.6 years) and 210,995 Caucasians (44.7% men, mean age 55.0 years) were analyzed. The primary outcome was composed of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and bleeding from the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary systems.
resultsDuring the follow-up, primary outcome events occurred in 2,110 East Asians and in 6,515 Caucasians. East Asians had a 38% lower 5-year incidence rate compared with Caucasians (3.88 vs. 6.29 per 1,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.65). East Asians showed a lower incidence of major bleeding (IRR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81-0.91), bleeding from the gastrointestinal (IRR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.49-0.56), and genitourinary systems (IRR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.44-0.53) compared with Caucasians. The incidence rates of ICH (IRR: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.67-3.84) and bleeding from the respiratory system (IRR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.47) were higher in East Asians. Notably, East Asians consuming alcohol ≥3 times/week showed a higher incidence of the primary outcome than Caucasians (IRR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25).
conclusionThis ecological study revealed significant racial differences in bleeding incidence, influenced by anatomical sites and lifestyle habits, underscoring the need for tailored approaches in bleeding management based on race.
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