SynthesisBMC public health2024
Maternal macronutrient and energy intake during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Guideline
- Energy intake and physical activity over the course of pregnancy and gestational weight gain: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trials.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of interventions in early pregnancy among pregnant individuals at risk for hyperglycemia.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2025Pooled it
- Resting Metabolic Rate Rises in Pregnancy, but Energy Intake and Active Expenditure Remain Stable: A Pilot Study.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparison of Johnsons, Inslers formula and ultrasound for estimating fetal weight.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Article
- Article
- The relationship between first trimester maternal diet and early pregnancy loss: a retrospective case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The Mediating Role of Blood Metabolites in the Association between Basal Metabolic Rate and Obstetrical Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization AnalysisEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Maternal nutritional status and the risk of metabolic syndrome in pregnancy: implications for public health nutrition.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Optimizing Performance and Health: Nutrition Considerations for Female Athletes in Strength and Conditioning.Strength and conditioning journal · 2025Article
- Observational
- Obesity and Pregnancy: Impact on Childbirth Timing, Delivery Mode, and Maternal Recovery: An Update.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Diet in Pregnancy: A Review of Current Challenges and Recommendations. A British Nutrition Foundation Briefing Paper.Nutrition bulletin · 2025Review
- Is It Worth Assessing the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Pregnant Women? Should Any Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes Be Expected?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Is there a relationship between sleep quality, dietary intake and weight gain in Turkish pregnant women?BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Association between late pregnancy A/G ratio and the risk of neonatal admission for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Dietary glycemic index and load during pregnancy and offspring behavioral outcomes: exploring sex differences.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Dietary Micronutrient Intake During Pregnancy Is Suboptimal in a Group of Healthy Scottish Women, Irrespective of Maternal Body Mass Index.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNutritional status during pregnancy can have a significant impact on infant and maternal health outcomes. To maintain maternal homeostasis and support fetal growth, adequate macronutrient and energy intake during pregnancy is essential. Therefore, this study sought to systematically review and meta-analyze macronutrient and energy intakes during pregnancy.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The required data were collected from four databases including: Web of Sciences, ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed, from 1 January 1980 to 30 May 2023, by using a combination of search terms (dietary pattern" OR "diet quality" OR "food habits" OR "nutrition surveys" OR "diet surveys" OR "food-frequency questionnaire" OR "diet record" OR "dietary recall") AND ( "pregnancy" OR "reproduction" OR "maternal health" OR "neonatal outcomes") among interventional and observational studies. Excel and STATA version 11 were used for data analysis.
resultsAmong 7081 published articles, 54 studies were included in the review. Most of the 33 (61%) studies were cohort studies and a total of 135,566 pregnant women were included. The overall average of energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake was 2036.10 kcal/day, 262.17 gr/day, 74.17 gr/day, and 78.21 gr/day, respectively. Also, energy intake during pregnancy was higher in American (2228.31 kcal/day, CI95%: 2135.06-2325.63) and Eastern Mediterranean regions (2226.70 kcal/day, CI95%: 2077.23-2386.92) than other regions (P < 0.001). Energy intake was higher in the third trimester than others (2115.64 kcal/day, CI95%: 1974.15-2267.27). Furthermore, based on the findings, there was a significant difference between energy intake in different World Health Organization (WHO) regions (P < 0.05).
conclusionsAccording to the results of meta-analysis, the average total energy was below than average total energy required during pregnancy. More efforts are needed to encourage women to adopt healthy eating habits during pregnancy to support healthy fetal and infant development.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.