Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38366233›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2024

Medicinal Polypharmacology in the Clinic - Translating the Polypharmacolome into Therapeutic Benefit.

Muhammad Rafehi, Marius Möller, Wouroud Ismail Al-Khalil, Sven Marcel Stefan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Apigenin Suppresses Bladder Cancer via the SIRT6-NCOA2-PPARα Axis.International journal of biological sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Polypharmacology: new drugs in 2023-2024.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Muhammad Rafehi *Department of Medical Education Augsburg, Augsburg University Medicine, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany. muhammad.rafehi@med.uni-augsburg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-4800
Marius MöllerMedical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9746-6804
Wouroud Ismail Al-KhalilInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-9621
Sven Marcel Stefan *Medicinal Chemistry and Systems Polypharmacology, Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany. sven.stefan@uni-luebeck.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-8598

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 437446827Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 446812474Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 504079349
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drugs with multiple targets, often annotated as 'unselective', 'promiscuous', 'multitarget', or 'polypharmacological', are widely considered in both academic and industrial research as a high risk due to the likelihood of adverse effects. However, retrospective analyses have shown that particularly approved drugs bear rich polypharmacological profiles. This raises the question whether our perception of the specificity paradigm ('one drug-one target concept') is correct - and if specifically multitarget drugs should be developed instead of being rejected. These questions provoke a paradigm shift - regarding the development of polypharmacological drugs not as a 'waste of investment', but acknowledging the existence of a 'lack of investment'. This perspective provides an insight into modern drug development highlighting latest drug candidates that have not been assessed in a broader polypharmacology-based context elsewhere embedded in a historic framework of classical and modern approved multitarget drugs. The article shall be an inspiration to the scientific community to re-consider current standards, and more, to evolve to a better understanding of polypharmacology from a challenge to an opportunity.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsPolypharmacologyRetrospective Studiesdual targeted therapymultitargetpolypharmacologypolypharmacyprivileged ligandstarget repurposing

Identifiers

PMID38366233
PMCPMC10927880

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.