ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2024
Fluoride promotes the secretion of inflammatory factors in microglia through NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluoride and Cardiovascular Diseases: Epidemiologic Investigations and Mechanistic Insights.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Salidroside Alleviates Fluoride-Induced Pyroptosis and Developmental Neurotoxicity Through P2X7R/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is widespread of endemic fluorosis in China, and the exposure of excessive fluoride will cause nervous system disease and activate microglia. However, the mechanism of the damage is not clear. It is well-known that NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, a classic pyroptosis pathway, is widely involved in the occurrence and development of nervous system-related diseases, infectious diseases, and atherosclerotic diseases. This research aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of sodium fluoride on inflammation and pyroptosis in BV2 microglia based on the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway. BV2 microglia was treated with sodium fluoride at the dose of 0.25, 1, and 2 mmol/L for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Cell viability, cell morphology, lactate dehydrogenase content, and related proteins and genes were examined to investigate if sodium fluoride caused damage to BV2 microglia through the pyroptosis pathway. Dithiolam (5 μmol/L), a pyroptosis inhibitor, was added for further verification. NaF could induced BV2 cells injury in a dose-dependent fashion through disrupting the integrity of cell membranes and increasing IL-1β via upregulating NLRP3, Caspase-1, and its downstream protein GSDMD. Disulfiram could improve these changes caused by NaF. In conclusion, our results suggested that NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated classical pyroptosis pathway was involved in fluoride-induced BV2 microglia damage.
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