SynthesisScientific reports2024
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of long-term antibiotic use on cognitive outcomes.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Doxycycline Chemoprophylaxis and the Development of Gastrointestinal Conditions in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review.Military medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Chronic Antibiotic Use, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Emerging Threat.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Exposome influences: a multi-omics perspective on the combined toxic effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Magnetic Europium Ion-Based Fluorescence Sensing Probes for the Detection of Tetracyclines in Complex Samples.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Quercetin hybrid-hydrogel microparticles modulate gut microbiota and improve memory in an antibiotic-induced dysbiosis rat model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Dual Impact of Iron Deficiency and Antibiotics on Host Metabolism: A Tissue-Level Analysis.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Impact of early life antibiotic exposure on the preschool developmental status: a nationwide population-based study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Florfenicol-induced dysbiosis impairs intestinal homeostasis and host immune system in laying hens.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms to medicines: navigating drug repurposing strategies in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Symposium: What Does the Microbiome Tell Us about Prevention and Treatment of AD/ADRD?The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Review
- The brain pathobiome in Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
- Gut dysbiosis impacts the immune system and promotes prostate cancer.Immunology letters · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotics are indispensable to infection management. However, use of antibiotics can cause gut microbiota dysbiosis, which has been linked to cognitive impairment by disrupting communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of long-term antibiotic use on cognitive outcomes. We have searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus for English publications before March 2023 following the PRISMA guidelines. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. 960 articles were screened and 16 studies which evaluated the effect of any antibiotic compared to no antibiotics or placebo were included. Case-reports, in vitro and animal studies were excluded. We found that antibiotic use was associated with worse cognitive outcomes with a pooled effect estimate of - 0.11 (95% CI - 0.15, - 0.07, Z = 5.45; P < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses performed on adult vs pediatric patients showed a similar association of antibiotic on cognition in both subgroups. Antibiotic treatment was not associated with worse cognition on subjects with existing cognitive impairment. On the other hand, antibiotic treatment on subjects with no prior cognitive impairment was associated with worse cognitive performance later in life. This calls for future well-designed and well-powered studies to investigate the impact of antibiotics on cognitive performance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.