ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2024
Extracellular Vesicles Maintain Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity by the Suppression of Caveolin-1/CD147/VEGFR2/MMP Pathway After Ischemic Stroke.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke: mechanisms, delivery strategies, clinical evidence, and translational challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Hotspots and trends of microglia in ischemic stroke: A bibliometric analysis from 1998 to 2024.Medicine · 2026Article
- RVG-Modified BMSCs-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With miR-21 Alleviate Neuronal Injury Resulted From Excessive Autophagy via Targeting PTEN/Akt/mTOR Pathway After Cerebral Ischaemia.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from ovarian cancer cells promote tumor progression through m2 macrophage polarization and enhanced angiogenesis.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut-Vascular-Brain Axis: A Missing Mechanistic Link Between IBD and Stroke Risk.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Post-Stroke Pathology and Neurorestoration.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- CD147/Basigin: From Integrative Molecular Hub to Translational Therapeutic Target.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Occludin-mediated barrier dysfunction and its role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathogenesis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Permeation of small extracellular vesicles across a human blood-brain barrier transwell model remains below particle detection limits, even under oxygen/glucose deprived conditions.Tissue barriers · 2026Article
- Engineering exosomes in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: from basic research to clinical applications.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Astragaloside IV suppresses neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB to ameliorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inflammation-centered neurovascular-immune-metabolic remodeling in ischemic stroke: stage-dependent mechanisms, regulated cell death, and therapeutic translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing extracellular vesicles for ischemic stroke management.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Multidimensional machine learning for early neurological deterioration prediction in acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Ischemic Brain Injuries.Journal of stroke · 2025Review
- Inhibition of proprotein convertase SKI-1 prevents blood vessel alteration after stroke.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Enriched environment inhibits GLT-1 ubiquitination by downregulating SMURF1 to attenuate ischemic brain injury induced excitotoxicity.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Myelin basic protein and occludin may be the biomarkers to diagnose leukoaraiosis and cognitive dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel therapeutics for cerebral injury following cardiac arrest and potential mechanisms.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) causes tragic death and disability worldwide. However, effective therapeutic interventions are finite. After IS, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is disrupted, resulting in deteriorating neurological function. As a novel therapeutic, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown ideal restorative effects on BBB integrity post-stroke; however, the definite mechanisms remain ambiguous. In the present study, we investigated the curative effects and the mechanisms of EVs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and brain endothelial cells (BMSC-EVs and BEC-EVs) on BBB integrity after acute IS. Methods: EVs were isolated from BMSCs and BECs, and we investigated the therapeutic effect in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) insulted BECs model and in vivo rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model. The cell monolayer leakage, tight junction expression, and metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were evaluated, and rat brain infarct volume and neurological function were also analyzed. Results: The administration of two kinds of EVs not only enhanced ZO-1 and Occludin expressions but also reduced the permeability and the activity of MMP-2/9 in OGD-insulted BECs. The amelioration of the cerebral infarction, BBB leakage, neurological function deficits, and the increasing ZO-1 and Occludin levels, as well as MMP activity inhibition was observed in MCAo rats. Additionally, the increased levels of Caveolin-1, CD147, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in isolated brain microvessels were downregulated after EVs treatment. In vitro, the employment of Caveolin-1 and CD147 siRNA partly suppressed the expressions of VEGFR2, VEGFA and MMP-2/9 activity and reduced the leakage of OGD insulted BECs and enhanced ZO-1 and Occludin expressions. Conclusion: Our study firstly demonstrates that BEC and BMSC-EVs administrations maintain BBB integrity via the suppression of Caveolin-1/CD147/VEGFR2/MMP pathway after IS, and the efficacy of BMSC-EVs is superior to that of BEC-EVs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.