Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38373895›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2024

How health risk factors affect inpatient costs among adults with stroke in China: the mediating role of length of stay.

Xin Cao, Ruyu Li, Weiwei Tang, Wenjun Wang, Jingya Ji, Chengjie Yin, Luyao Niu, Yuexia Gao, Qiang Ma

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xin Cao *Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
Ruyu Li *Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
Weiwei Tang *School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211166, China.
Wenjun WangAffiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
Jingya JiDepartment of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
Chengjie YinDepartment of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
Luyao NiuDepartment of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
Yuexia GaoDepartment of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China. yxgao@ntu.edu.cn.
Qiang MaInstitute for Health Development, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China. qiangma@ntu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82103952Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City MS12021070
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in China, it has induced a heavy disease burden on society, families, and patients. Despite much attention within the literature, the effect of multiple risk factors on length of stay (LOS) and inpatient costs in China is still not fully understood.

aimTo analyse the association between the number of risk factors combined and inpatient costs among adults with stroke and explore the mediating effect of LOS on inpatient costs.

methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke patients in a tertiary hospital in Nantong City from January 2018 to December 2019. Lifestyle factors (smoking status, exercise), personal disease history (overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation), family history of stroke, and demographic characteristics were interviewed by trained nurses. Inpatient costs and LOS were extracted from electronic medical records. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models and mediation analysis were used to examine the direct and indirect effects of the number of risk factors combined for stroke on inpatient costs.

resultsA total of 620 individuals were included, comprising 391 ischaemic stroke patients and 229 haemorrhagic stroke patients, and the mean age was 63.2 years, with 60.32% being male. The overall mean cost for stroke inpatients was 30730.78 CNY ($ 4444.91), and the average length of stay (LOS) was 12.50 days. Mediation analysis indicated that the greater number of risk factors was not only directly related to higher inpatient costs (direct effect = 0.16, 95%CI:[0.11,0.22]), but also indirectly associated with inpatient cost through longer LOS (indirect effect = 0.08, 95% CI: [0.04,0.11]). Furthermore, patients with high risk of stroke had longer LOS than those in low-risk patients, which in turn led to heavier hospitalization expenses.

conclusionsBoth the greater number of risk factors and high-risk rating among stroke patients increased the length of stay and inpatient costs. Preventing and controlling risk behaviors of stroke should be strengthened.

Indexed as

Brain IschemiaStrokeChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHospital CostsHospitalizationHumansInpatientsLength of StayMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsChinaInpatient costsLength of stayRisk factorsStroke

Identifiers

PMID38373895
PMCPMC10877923

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.