ReviewExperimental animals2024
The grimace scale: a useful tool for assessing pain in laboratory animals.
Review in Experimental animals, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence-based automated scoring of the mouse grimace scale: a systematic review.Pain reports · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain in a Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis Using the Mouse Grimace Scale.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Tail-rattling in rodents: more than a threat display.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Review
- Valsartan Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferritinophagy-Mediated Ferroptosis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- GrimACE: automated, multimodal cage-side assessment of pain and well-being in mice.Lab animal · 2026Article
- Radioprotective Effect of ε-Aminocaproic Acid in Acute Total-Body Gamma Irradiation in Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acute pain sign recognition by dog owners in a home setting.PloS one · 2026Article
- Pre-post change in compassion toward laboratory animals after an introductory lecture in first-year veterinary students.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Behavioral assessment of pain in rodents: advances from evoked responses to spontaneous states and multimodal approaches.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Improving pain management for murine orthotopic xenograft models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Lab animal · 2025Article
- Article
- A Review of Assessment of Sow Pain During Farrowing Using Grimace Scores.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvaria Using 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Graded Porosity and In Vitro Degradation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- The impact of parasitic diseases on dromedary camel (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Quantitative orbital tightening for pain assessment using machine learning with DeepLabCut.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurately and promptly assessing pain in experimental animals is extremely important to avoid unnecessary suffering of the animals and to enhance the reproducibility of experiments. This is a key concern for veterinarians, animal caretakers, and researchers from the perspectives of veterinary care and animal welfare. Various methods including ethology, immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, and molecular biology are used for pain assessment. However, the grimace scale, which was developed by taking cues from interpreting pain through facial expressions of non-verbal infants, has become recognized as a very simple and practical method for objectively evaluating pain levels by scoring changes in an animal's expressions. This method, which was first implemented with mice approximately 10 years ago, is now being applied to various experimental animals and is widely used in research settings. This review focuses on the usability of the grimace scale from the "cage-side" perspective, aiming to make it a more user-friendly tool for those involved in animal experiments. Differences in facial expressions in response to pain in various animals, examples of applying the grimace scale, current automated analytical methods, and future prospects are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.