ArticleFrontiers in oncology2024
Identification of C-PLAN index as a novel prognostic predictor for advanced lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integration of hierarchical clustering in hematologic biomarkers prediction for endocrine toxicity during immunotherapy in lung cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of the C-PLAN Index in Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of the C-PLAN index in patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Prognostic Significance of C-PLAN Index in Patients Treated with Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic relationship of peripheral blood-immune inflammatory index (C-PLAN) in patients with high-grade glioma.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Prognostic impact of metformin in solid cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: novel evidences from a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
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7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Objective: Increasing studies have highlighted the potential utility of non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in advanced lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) based anti-cancer therapies. Here, a novel prognostic predictor named as C-PLAN integrating C-reactive protein (CRP), Performance status (PS), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Albumin (ALB), and derived Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) was identified and validated in a single-center retrospective cohort. Methods: The clinical data of 192 ICI-treated lung cancer patients was retrospectively analyzed. The pretreatment levels of CRP, PS, LDH, ALB and dNLR were scored respectively and then their scores were added up to form C-PLAN index. The correlation of C-PLAN index with the progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) was analyzed by a Kaplan-Meier model. The multivariate analysis was used to identify whether C-PLAN index was an independent prognostic predictor. Results: A total of 88 and 104 patients were included in the low and high C-PLAN index group respectively. High C-PLAN index was significantly correlated with worse PFS and OS in ICI-treated lung cancer patients (both p<0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed high C-PLAN index was an independent unfavorable factor affecting PFS (hazard ratio (HR)=1.821; 95%confidence interval (CI)=1.291-2.568) and OS (HR=2.058, 95%CI=1.431-2.959). The high C-PLAN index group had a significantly lower disease control rate than the low C-PLAN index group (p=0.024), while no significant difference was found for objective response rate (p=0.172). The subgroup analysis based on clinical features (pathological type, therapy strategy, TNM stage and age) confirmed the prognostic value of C-PLAN index, except for patients receiving ICI monotherapy or with age ranging from 18 to 65 years old. Finally, a nomogram was constructed based on C-PLAN index, age, gender, TNM stage and smoking status, which could predict well the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival of ICI-treated lung cancer patients. Conclusion: The C-PLAN index has great potential to be utilized as a non-invasive, inexpensive and reliable prognostic predictor for advanced lung cancer patients receiving ICI-based anti-cancer therapies.
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