ArticleBiomedicines2024
Multifunctional Exosomes Derived from M2 Macrophages with Enhanced Odontogenesis, Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis for Regenerative Endodontic Therapy: An In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation.
Article in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation-Regeneration Axis of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Wnt/NF-κB Crosstalk.International endodontic journal · 2026Review
- Macrophage-induced immunomodulation in oral tissue repair and regeneration: Recent advances and future perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Immunomodulatory Mediators in Angiogenic-Osteogenic Coupling: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Enhancing osteoporosis treatment: emerging roles of engineered exosomes in bone regeneration and repair.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- M2 macrophage-derived exosomes improves secondary lymphedema through cellular mitochondrial homeostasis regulation via the Keap1-Nrf2/mPTP axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Exosomal Interventions in Bone and Osteochondral Repair: Mechanisms and Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Odontogenic exosomes simulating the developmental microenvironment promote complete regeneration of pulp-dentin complex in vivo.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages regulate airway inflammation by modulating epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Ginsenoside RB1 Influences Macrophage-DPSC Interactions in Inflammatory Conditions.International dental journal · 2025Article
- The role of neurogenic inflammation in pulp repair and the techniques used for its assessment (narrative review).Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Review
- Crosstalk Between H-Type Vascular Endothelial Cells and Macrophages: A Potential Regulator of Bone Homeostasis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Exosomes: A New Hope for Angiogenesis-Mediated Bone Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionExosomes derived from M2 macrophages (M2-Exos) exhibit tremendous potential for inducing tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, this study was designed to elucidate the biological roles of M2-Exos in regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) compared with exosomes from M1 macrophages (M1-Exos).
methodsThe internalization of M1-Exos and M2-Exos by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected by uptake assay. The effects of M1-Exos and M2-Exos on DPSC and HUVEC behaviors, including migration, proliferation, odonto/osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis were determined in vitro. Then, Matrigel plugs incorporating M2-Exos were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Immunostaining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 was performed to validate capillary-like networks.
resultsM1-Exos and M2-Exos were effectively absorbed by DPSCs and HUVECs. Compared with M1-Exos, M2-Exos considerably facilitated the proliferation and migration of DPSCs and HUVECs. Furthermore, M2-Exos robustly promoted ALP activity, mineral nodule deposition, and the odonto/osteogenic marker expression of DPSCs, indicating the powerful odonto/osteogenic potential of M2-Exos. In sharp contrast with M1-Exos, which inhibited the neurogenic capacity of DPSCs, M2-Exos contributed to a significantly augmented expression of neurogenic genes and the stronger immunostaining of Nestin. Consistent with remarkably enhanced angiogenic markers and tubular structure formation in DPSCs and HUVECs in vitro, the employment of M2-Exos gave rise to more abundant vascular networks, dramatically higher VEGF expression, and widely spread CD31
conclusionsThe multifaceted roles of M2-Exos in ameliorating DPSC and HUVEC functions potentially contribute to complete functional pulp-dentin complex regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.