Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38400003›Full record

ArticleViruses2024

The Rapidly Changing Patterns in Bacterial Co-Infections Reveal Peaks in Limited Gram Negatives during COVID-19 and Their Sharp Drop Post-Vaccination, Implying Potential Evolution of Co-Protection during Vaccine-Virus-Bacterial Interplay.

Kamaleldin B Said, Ahmed Alsolami, Khalid F Alshammari, Safia Moussa, Fawaz Alshammeri, Mohammed H Alghozwi, Sulaiman F Alshammari, Nawaf F Alharbi, Amany M Khalifa, Madiha R Mahmoud and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Infections withFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Kamaleldin B SaidDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3749-6754
Ahmed AlsolamiDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-3920-4572
Khalid F AlshammariDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Safia MoussaDepartment of Microbiology, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Fawaz AlshammeriDepartment of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed H AlghozwiDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Sulaiman F AlshammariDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Nawaf F AlharbiDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Amany M KhalifaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0004-8333
Madiha R MahmoudDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Kawthar AlshammariDepartment of Microbiology, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed E GhoniemDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3957-4365
University of Ha'il · SAKing Fahad Specialist Hospital · SAZagazig University · EG

Funding

University of Ha'il RG21074
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 has caused the most devastating pandemic of all time in recent human history. However, there is a serious paucity of high-quality data on aggravating factors and mechanisms of co-infection. This study aimed to identify the trending patterns of bacterial co-infections and types and associated outcomes in three phases of the pandemic. Using quality hospital data, we have investigated the SARS-CoV-2 fatality rates, profiles, and types of bacterial co-infections before, during, and after COVID-19 vaccination. Out of 389 isolates used in different aspects, 298 were examined before and during the pandemic (

Indexed as

CoinfectionCOVID-19Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcal InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaCOVID-19 VaccinesEscherichia coliFemaleHumansKlebsiella pneumoniaeMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSARS-CoV-2Staphylococcus aureusVaccinationAnti-Bacterial AgentsCOVID-19 Vaccinesco-infectionsCOVID-19 fatalitymolecular mimicrypathogens

Identifiers

PMID38400003
PMCPMC10893479
OpenAlexW4391384987

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.