ReviewVaccines2024
Edible Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Oral mRNA Vaccine Delivery.
Review in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The role and prospects of extracellular vesicles in advanced drug and vaccine delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles for drug delivery: current and future.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles delivering TIMP-2 modulate MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Emerging Cancer Vaccine Platforms.Small science · 2025Review
- Biofortification of potato nutrition.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- The potential of plant-derived vesicles in treating periodontitis and associated systemic diseases: current advances and future directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Involvement of miRNAs in the Cluster of Metabolic Factors of MetS: Nutrition-Genome-MetS Axis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Stability Dynamics of Plant-Based Extracellular Vesicles Drug Delivery.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Identification of PotentialVaccines · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccines in the context of cancer treatment: from concept to application.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles for microRNA delivery in cancer treatment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Plant-derived vesicles: isolation strategies and therapeutic applications.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Exploring the landscape of Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs): A comprehensive review of LNPs types and biological sources of lipids.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Review
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as a Novel Vaccine Platform against SARS-CoV-2.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- mRCat: A Novel CatBoost Predictor for the Binary Classification of mRNA Subcellular Localization by Fusing Large Language Model Representation and Sequence Features.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- mRNA Technology and Mucosal Immunization.Vaccines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a well-preserved evolutionary mechanism in all life kingdoms including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and plants. EVs naturally allow horizontal transfer of native as well as exogenous functional mRNAs, which once incorporated in EVs are protected from enzymatic degradation. This observation has prompted researchers to investigate whether EVs from different sources, including plants, could be used for vaccine delivery. Several studies using human or bacterial EVs expressing mRNA or recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins showed induction of a humoral and cell mediated immune response. Moreover, EV-based vaccines presenting the natural configuration of viral antigens have demonstrated advantages in conferring long-lasting immunization and lower toxicity than synthetic nanoparticles. Edible plant-derived EVs were shown to be an alternative to human EVs for vaccine delivery, especially via oral administration. EVs obtained from orange juice (oEVs) loaded with SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs protected their cargo from enzymatic degradation, were stable at room temperature for one year, and were able to trigger a SARS-CoV-2 immune response in mice. Lyophilized oEVs containing the S1 mRNA administered to rats via gavage induced a specific humoral immune response with generation of blocking antibodies, including IgA and Th1 lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, mRNA-containing oEVs could be used for developing new oral vaccines due to optimal mucosal absorption, resistance to stress conditions, and ability to stimulate a humoral and cellular immune response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.