ArticleCurrent drug metabolism2024
Effect of High Altitude Environment on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic of Warfarin in Rats.
Article in Current drug metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Amantadine in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study Under High-Altitude Hypoxia and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of high altitude on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of valproate in epileptic rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- [Effect of High-Altitude Hypoxia on the Pharmacokinetics and Brain Distribution of Phenytoin Sodium in Epileptic Rats].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh altitude environment affects the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of drugs and the PK parameters are an important theoretical basis for guiding the rational clinical use of drugs. Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant of the coumarin class commonly used in clinical practice, but it has a narrow therapeutic window and wide individual variation. However, the effect of high altitude environment on PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) of warfarin is unclear.
objectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a high altitude environment on PK and PD of warfarin in rats.
methodRats were randomly divided into plain group and high altitude group and blood samples were collected through the orbital venous plexus after administration of 2 mg/kg warfarin. Warfarin concentrations in plasma samples were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and PK parameters were calculated by the non-compartment model using WinNonlin 8.1 software. Meanwhile, the expression of PXR, P-gp and CYP2C9 in liver tissues was also determined by western blotting. The effect of high altitude environment on PD of warfarin was explored by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) values and then calculated international normalized ratio (INR) values based on PT.
resultsSignificant changes in PK behaviors and PD of warfarin in high altitude-rats were observed. Compared with the plain-rats, the peak concentration (C
conclusionHigh altitude environment inhibited the metabolism and increased the absorption of warfarin in rats and increased the effect of anticoagulant effect, suggesting that the optimal dose of warfarin for patients at high altitude should be reassessed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.