ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
Investigating the impact of hypertension with and without diabetes on Alzheimer's disease risk: A clinico-pathological study.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The causative role of amyloidosis in the cardiac complications of Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive systematic review.The Journal of physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Examining APOE ε4 and Longitudinal Vascular Brain Injury: The Strong Heart Study.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors and vascular neuropathological findings in primary age-related tauopathy versus Alzheimer's disease.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Amyloid β alters vascular CaThe Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Brain Structures Vulnerable to Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Brazilian Cohort.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- PolyGR-containing aggregates link with pathology and clinical features of Alzheimer's disease.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- The Cognitive Changes Among Patients over 65 Years of Age in a Rural Area-The Preliminary Report of Protective and Predisposing Factors.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Association of amyloid and cardiovascular risk with cognition: Findings from KBASE.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Feasibility of the MIND+SOUL Culturally Tailored Brain Healthy Diet: A Pilot Study.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2024Article
- Neuroimaging correlates of Alzheimer's disease biomarker concentrations in a racially diverse high-risk cohort of middle-aged adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Investigating the impact of hypertension with and without diabetes on Alzheimer's disease risk: A clinico-pathological study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- The impact of type 2 diabetes on left ventricular function in hypertensive patients: a three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHypertension and diabetes are common cardiovascular risk factors that increase Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, it is unclear whether AD risk differs in hypertensive individuals with and without diabetes.
methodsCognitively normal individuals (N = 11,074) from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) were categorized as having (1) hypertension with diabetes (HTN+/DM+), (2) hypertension without diabetes (HTN+/DM-), or (3) neither (HTN-/DM-). AD risk in HTN+/DM+ and HTN+/DM- was compared to HTN-/DM-. This risk was then investigated in those with AD neuropathology (ADNP), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), cerebrovascular neuropathology (CVNP), arteriolosclerosis, and atherosclerosis. Finally, AD risk in HTN-/DM+ was compared to HTN-/DM-.
resultsSeven percent (N = 830) of individuals developed AD. HTN+/DM+ (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31 [1.19-1.44]) and HTN+/DM- (HR = 1.24 [1.17-1.32]) increased AD risk compared to HTN-/DM-. AD risk was greater in HTN+/DM+ with ADNP (HR = 2.10 [1.16-3.79]) and CAA (HR = 1.52 [1.09-2.12]), and in HTN+/DM- with CVNP (HR = 1.54 [1.17-2.03]). HTN-/DM+ also increased AD risk (HR = 1.88 [1.30-2.72]) compared to HTN-/DM-. DISCUSSION: HTN+/DM+ and HTN+/DM- increased AD risk compared to HTN-/DM-, but pathological differences between groups suggest targeted therapies may be warranted based on cardiovascular risk profiles. HIGHLIGHTS: AD risk was studied in hypertensive (HTN+) individuals with/without diabetes (DM+/-). HTN+/DM+ and HTN+/DM- both had an increased risk of AD compared to HTN-/DM-. Post mortem analysis identified neuropathological differences between HTN+/DM+ and HTN+/DM-. In HTN+/DM+, AD risk was greater in those with AD neuropathology and CAA. In HTN+/DM-, AD risk was greater in those with cerebrovascular neuropathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.