ReviewBioengineering & translational medicine2024
Micro Trojan horses: Engineering extracellular vesicles crossing biological barriers for drug delivery.
Review in Bioengineering & translational medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Small extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: A double‑edged sword regulating inflammation and cartilage homeostasis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Breaking Biological Barriers: Engineering Nanocarriers for Efficient Drug and Gene Delivery through Nano-Bio Interfaces and Biophysical Design.Applied physics reviews · 2026Article
- Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation ofToxicology reports · 2026Article
- Current Perspective on Human Milk Derived Vesicles and Their Potential Therapeutic Use: A Scoping Review.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Perspective Approaches to "Trojan Horse" Strategy Development for Combating Bacterial Pathogens.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Biogenesis, Functions, and Emerging Biotechnological Applications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Camel milk extracellular vesicles as a promising antibiotic alternative: gastrointestinal stability, antimicrobial, and immunoregulatory activities.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advancing Extracellular Vesicle Research: A Review of Systems Biology and Multiomics Perspectives.Proteomics · 2026Review
- A nanosystem targeting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 for continuous spatiotemporal idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Machine learning for extracellular vesicles enables diagnostic and therapeutic nanobiotechnology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- From Nature to Nanomedicine: Engineered Plant-Derived Nanovesicles for Skin Disease.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles in cancer immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in cardiac surgery: unlocking new frontiers in cardioprotection and patient outcomes.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles in diabetic wound healing: mechanisms, therapeutic implications and future perspectives.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Review
- Microbial membrane vesicles and the intestinal epithelium: a crosstalk in health and disease.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles-Dependent Secretion Regulates Intracellular CYFIP2 Protein Homeostasis in Cortical Neurons.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Progress of research on engineered extracellular vesicles from different sources for disease treatment.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles as delivery vehicles and therapeutic agents for glioblastoma treatment: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The biological barriers of the body, such as the blood-brain, placental, intestinal, skin, and air-blood, protect against invading viruses and bacteria while providing necessary physical support. However, these barriers also hinder the delivery of drugs to target tissues, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanostructures with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 10 μm secreted by cells, offer a potential solution to this challenge. These natural vesicles can effectively pass through various biological barriers, facilitating intercellular communication. As a result, artificially engineered EVs that mimic or are superior to the natural ones have emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle, capable of delivering drugs to almost any body part to treat various diseases. This review first provides an overview of the formation and cross-species uptake of natural EVs from different organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria. Later, it explores the current clinical applications, perspectives, and challenges associated with using engineered EVs as a drug delivery platform. Finally, it aims to inspire further research to help bioengineered EVs effectively cross biological barriers to treat diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.