ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Endosomal escape: A bottleneck for LNP-mediated therapeutics.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 259 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
259 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery for cancer, autoimmunity, and genetic diseases: a rapid review.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Pooled it
- Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Components for Genome Editing.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery CRISPR/Cas9: overcoming biological barriers, enhancing stability, and improving therapeutic precision.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Overcoming hepatic tropism: Precision engineering of lipid nanoparticles for extrahepatic RNA delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Bioactive lipid-derived nanoparticles for RNA delivery.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2026Article
- Nanocarrier-Based Gene Delivery Systems: Mechanisms, Clinical Translation, and Future Perspectives.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Review
- Unveiling the contribution of histidine-end-terminal pBAEs to endosomal escape using super-resCLEM imaging.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticles optimized for large RNA cargo and tissue targeting enhance in vivo genome editing.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Peptide-Enabled Nanoplatforms for Malaria and Leishmaniasis: From Intracellular Targeting to Translational Diagnostic Perspectives.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Bone Marrow Cell Therapies for Cardiac Repair: Integrating Gene Therapy and Bioengineering to Enhance Therapeutic Potency.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- RNA therapeutics: current status and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Research Advances on Organelle-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Brain Tumors and Central Nervous System Inflammation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Dual pKa Lipid Nanoparticles for Lung-tropic mRNA Delivery and pH-Programmed Endosomal Escape.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of mRNA therapeutics: A multiscale framework for LNP and antibody trafficking in mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Research Progress, Application, and Industrialization Prospects of Circular RNA Vaccines in Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Elucidating lipid nanoparticle properties and structure through biophysical analyses.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- mRNA-based therapeutics in lung Cancer: Mechanisms, applications, and translational challenges.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticles as active biointerfaces: From membrane interaction to systemic dysregulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Active pH Modulation by Proton Channel-Peptide Nucleic Acid Complex for Effective siRNA Endosomal Escape.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
199 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as a powerful and versatile clinically approved platform for nucleic acid delivery, specifically for mRNA vaccines. A major bottleneck in the field is the release of mRNA-LNPs from the endosomal pathways into the cytosol of cells where they can execute their encoded functions. The data regarding the mechanism of these endosomal escape processes are limited and contradicting. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus regarding the compartment of escape, the cause of the inefficient escape and are currently lacking a robust method to detect the escape. Here, we review the currently known mechanisms of endosomal escape and the available methods to study this process. We critically discuss the limitations and challenges of these methods and the possibilities to overcome these challenges. We propose that the development of currently lacking robust, quantitative high-throughput techniques to study endosomal escape is timely and essential. A better understanding of this process will enable better RNA-LNP designs with improved efficiency to unlock new therapeutic modalities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.