Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38453191›Full record

SynthesisBMJ open2024

Attrition from longitudinal ageing studies and performance across domains of cognitive functioning: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Raymond Hernandez, Haomiao Jin, Pey-Jiuan Lee, Stefan Schneider, Doerte U Junghaenel, Arthur A Stone, Erik Meijer, Hongxin Gao, Daniel Maupin, Elizabeth M Zelinski

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Raymond HernandezCenter for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA hern939@usc.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6761-9276
Haomiao JinCenter for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Pey-Jiuan LeeCenter for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Stefan SchneiderCenter for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Doerte U JunghaenelCenter for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Arthur A StoneCenter for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Erik MeijerCenter for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Hongxin GaoSchool of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Daniel MaupinSchool of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Elizabeth M ZelinskiLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

The Mexican Health and Aging Study - IIR01AG018016 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI Rebeca Wong · 1999 to 2026
$22.6M
Testing early markers of cognitive decline and dementia derived from survey response behaviorsR01AG068190 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Doerte Ulrike Junghaenel, Stefan Schneider · 2020 to 2026
$4.8M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018016NIA NIH HHS R01 AG068190
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis paper examined the magnitude of differences in performance across domains of cognitive functioning between participants who attrited from studies and those who did not, using data from longitudinal ageing studies where multiple cognitive tests were administered.

designIndividual participant data meta-analysis.

participantsData are from 10 epidemiological longitudinal studies on ageing (total n=209 518) from several Western countries (UK, USA, Mexico, etc). Each study had multiple waves of data (range of 2-17 waves), with multiple cognitive tests administered at each wave (range of 4-17 tests). Only waves with cognitive tests and information on participant dropout at the immediate next wave for adults aged 50 years or older were used in the meta-analysis. MEASURES: For each pair of consecutive study waves, we compared the difference in cognitive scores (Cohen's d) between participants who dropped out at the next study wave and those who remained. Note that our operationalisation of dropout was inclusive of all causes (eg, mortality). The proportion of participant dropout at each wave was also computed.

resultsThe average proportion of dropouts between consecutive study waves was 0.26 (0.18 to 0.34). People who attrited were found to have significantly lower levels of cognitive functioning in all domains (at the wave 2-3 years before attrition) compared with those who did not attrit, with small-to-medium effect sizes (overall d=0.37 (0.30 to 0.43)).

conclusionsOlder adults who attrited from longitudinal ageing studies had lower cognitive functioning (assessed at the timepoint before attrition) across all domains as compared with individuals who remained. Cognitive functioning differences may contribute to selection bias in longitudinal ageing studies, impeding accurate conclusions in developmental research. In addition, examining the functional capabilities of attriters may be valuable for determining whether attriters experience functional limitations requiring healthcare attention.

Indexed as

AgingCognitionAgedAttentionHumansLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedResearch DesignAgingDementiaEPIDEMIOLOGY

Identifiers

PMID38453191
PMCPMC10921498

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.