Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38456601›Full record

ReviewCardiovascular research2024

SGLT2 inhibitors: from glucose-lowering to cardiovascular benefits.

Alberto Preda, Fabrizio Montecucco, Federico Carbone, Giovanni G Camici, Thomas F Lüscher, Simon Kraler, Luca Liberale

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
102citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

102 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Alberto PredaDepartment of Clinical Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Fabrizio MontecuccoFirst Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0823-8729
Federico CarboneFirst Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6909-0150
Giovanni G CamiciCenter for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
Thomas F LüscherCenter for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
Simon KralerCenter for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8245-7287
Luca LiberaleFirst Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1472-7975

Funding

Ministry of University and ResearchNational Recovery and Resilience Plan
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An increasing number of individuals are at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its cardiovascular complications, including heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and eventually premature death. The sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) protein sits in the proximal tubule of human nephrons to regulate glucose reabsorption and its inhibition by gliflozins represents the cornerstone of contemporary T2D and HF management. Herein, we aim to provide an updated overview of the pleiotropy of gliflozins, provide mechanistic insights and delineate related cardiovascular (CV) benefits. By discussing contemporary evidence obtained in preclinical models and landmark randomized controlled trials, we move from bench to bedside across the broad spectrum of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. With landmark randomized controlled trials confirming a reduction in major adverse CV events (MACE; composite endpoint of CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke), SGLT2 inhibitors strongly mitigate the risk for heart failure hospitalization in diabetics and non-diabetics alike while conferring renoprotection in specific patient populations. Along four major pathophysiological axes (i.e. at systemic, vascular, cardiac, and renal levels), we provide insights into the key mechanisms that may underlie their beneficial effects, including gliflozins' role in the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular energy metabolism, and housekeeping mechanisms. We also discuss how this drug class controls hyperglycaemia, ketogenesis, natriuresis, and hyperuricaemia, collectively contributing to their pleiotropic effects. Finally, evolving data in the setting of cerebrovascular diseases and arrhythmias are presented and potential implications for future research and clinical practice are comprehensively reviewed.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAnimalsBiomarkersCardiovascular SystemHumansRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Treatment OutcomeBiomarkersBlood GlucoseSLC5A2 protein, humanSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsautophagydiabetesendothelial functionheart failureinflammationmitochondriaoxidative stressSGLT2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID38456601
PMCPMC12001887

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.