ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2024
Age-Related Macular Degeneration, a Mathematically Tractable Disease.
Review in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Antioxidant and Lutein/Zeaxanthin Supplements Slow Geographic Atrophy Progression to the Fovea in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Revisiting retinal and macular degeneration in the genomics era.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Xanthophyll Carotenoid Intake, Plasma Levels, and Retinal Visualization in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Quantitative Evaluation of Geographic Atrophy Progression Using Geographic Atrophy Lesion Front Displacement.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Photoreceptor Density-Dependent Kinetics of Geographic Atrophy Progression.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Directional Analysis of Residual RPE Area Loss in the Natural History of Choroideremia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The aging eye: navigating molecular mechanisms and innovative interventions.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Association Between PCSK9 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Spatial Selective Choroidal Stromal and Vascular Changes in Intermediate AMD: Insights From High-Density Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Choriocapillaris Flow-Enriched Prediction of Retinal Sensitivity Using OCT-Derived Biomarkers in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Histologic Photoreceptor and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration in an Eye With Clinically Documented Geographic Atrophy of AMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Choroidal Vascular Findings in a Case of Multifocal Geographic Atrophy: A Clinicopathologic Correlation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Science of Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation, an Outcome Measure for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The 2025 Proctor Medal Lecture.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Choriocapillaris Flow Signal Deficits Are Associated With AMD Onset and Early Progression Over Three Years: ALSTAR2 Follow-Up.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Antioxidant vitamin index and risk of age-related macular degeneration: multicenter validation and clinical translation.npj aging · 2026Article
- Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Reveals Loss of RPE Cell Body Polarity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Retinal and Choriocapillaris Thickness and Age in Macaques in Development and Aging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Analysis of factors influencing retinal thickness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in a community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of NGR1 on the Protective Efficacy and Functional Vision Profile of Retinal Photodamage.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Assessing the Relationship between Foveal Cone Density, Outer Nuclear Layer Thickness and Foveal Morphology.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A progression sequence for age-related macular degeneration onset may be determinable with consensus neuroanatomical nomenclature augmented by drusen biology and eye-tracked clinical imaging. This narrative review proposes to supplement the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (sETDRS) grid with a ring to capture high rod densities. Published photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) densities in flat mounted aged-normal donor eyes were recomputed for sETDRS rings including near-periphery rich in rods and cumulatively for circular fovea-centered regions. Literature was reviewed for tissue-level studies of aging outer retina, population-level epidemiology studies regionally assessing risk, vision studies regionally assessing rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA), and impact of atrophy on photopic visual acuity. The 3 mm-diameter xanthophyll-rich macula lutea is rod-dominant and loses rods in aging whereas cone and RPE numbers are relatively stable. Across layers, the largest aging effects are accumulation of lipids prominent in drusen, loss of choriocapillary coverage of Bruch's membrane, and loss of rods. Epidemiology shows maximal risk for drusen-related progression in the central subfield with only one third of this risk level in the inner ring. RMDA studies report greatest slowing at the perimeter of this high-risk area. Vision declines precipitously when the cone-rich central subfield is invaded by geographic atrophy. Lifelong sustenance of foveal cone vision within the macula lutea leads to vulnerability in late adulthood that especially impacts rods at its perimeter. Adherence to an sETDRS grid and outer retinal cell populations within it will help dissect mechanisms, prioritize research, and assist in selecting patients for emerging treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.