ArticleCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology2025
Nano-delivery of Silibinin Potentiate the Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) in Melanoma Cells.
Article in Current pharmaceutical biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Silibinin-Loaded Proniosomal Gel for Cutaneous Application: Pharmaco-Technical Characterization and In Vitro-In Ovo Biocompatibility.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factorial Design-Driven Optimization of Zein-Chitosan Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Silibinin.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Natural anti-cancer products: insights from herbal medicine.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInduction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumors can enhance antitumor immunity and modulate immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
objectiveIn the current study, we investigated the effect of silibinin, a natural compound with anticancer activity, and its polymer-based nanoformulations on the induction of apoptosis and ICD in cancer cells.
methodsFree and nanoparticulate silibinin were evaluated for their growth-inhibitory effects using an MTT assay. Annexin V/PI staining was used to analyze apoptosis. Calreticulin (CRT) expression was measured by flow cytometry. Western blotting was conducted to examine the levels of elf2α, which plays a role in the ICD pathway. The HSP90 and ATP levels were determined using specific detection kits.
resultsCompared to the free drug, silibinin-loaded nanocarriers significantly increased the induction of apoptosis and ICD in B16F10 cells. ICD induction was characterized by significantly increased levels of ICD biomarkers, including CRT, HSP90, and ATP. We also observed an increased expression of p-elf-2α/ elf-2α in B16F10 cells treated with silibinin-loaded micelles compared to cells that received free silibinin.
conclusionOur findings showed that the encapsulation of silibinin in polymeric nanocarriers can potentiate the effects of this drug on the induction of apoptosis and ICD in B16F10 melanoma cells.
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Registered trials
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