ArticleJournal of affective disorders2024
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression: A preliminary dose-finding study exploring safety and clinical effectiveness.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence from a brain and behavioral developmental perspective.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Exploring Applications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation and intermittent theta burst stimulation in youth compared to adults with depression: a retrospective analysis of open-label treatment.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Suicidality: An Updated Systematic Review.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression: Behavioral and neural correlates of clinical improvement.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Predicting depression by using a novel deep learning model and video-audio-text multimodal data.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Major challenges in youth psychopathology: treatment-resistant depression. A narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) that modulates neural activity. Deep TMS (dTMS) can target not only cortical but also deeper limbic structures implicated in depression. Although TMS has demonstrated safety in adolescents, dTMS has yet to be applied to adolescent TRD. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: This pilot study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of dTMS in adolescents with TRD. We hypothesized dTMS would be safe, tolerable, and efficacious for adolescent TRD.
methods15 adolescents with TRD (Age, years: M = 16.4, SD = 1.42) completed a six-week daily dTMS protocol targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BrainsWay H1 coil, 30 sessions, 10 Hz, 3.6 s train duration, 20s inter-train interval, 55 trains; 1980 total pulses per session, 80 % to 120 % of motor threshold). Participants completed clinical, safety, and neurocognitive assessments before and after treatment. The primary outcome was depression symptom severity measured by the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R).
results14 out of 15 participants completed the dTMS treatments. One participant experienced a convulsive syncope; the other participants only experienced mild side effects (e.g., headaches). There were no serious adverse events and minimal to no change in cognitive performance. Depression symptom severity significantly improved pre- to post-treatment and decreased to a clinically significant degree after 10 treatment sessions. Six participants met criteria for treatment response. LIMITATIONS: Main limitations include a small sample size and open-label design.
conclusionsThese findings provide preliminary evidence that dTMS may be tolerable and associated with clinical improvement in adolescent TRD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.