ArticleNature immunology2024
Antibody-independent protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge conferred by prior infection or vaccination.
Article in Nature immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans.Nature microbiology · 2025Trial
- Reproducible detection of antigen-specific T cells and Tregs via standardized and automated activation-induced marker assay workflows.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct CD8iScience · 2026Article
- CD4Nature immunology · 2026Article
- mRNA delivery of mosaic-8 pan-sarbecovirus RBD vaccines elicits distinct antibody epitope signatures.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Abortive infection: T cells as early, antibody-independent defenders.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Article
- Adapted Live SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits Rapid Mucosal Immunity, Protects From Disease, and Reduces Shedding of XBB.1.5.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Live attenuated vaccination protects aged chimeric ACE2 mice from severe SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and immunogenicity of a nanoemulsion protein subunit vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: investigation in diet-induced obese mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Non-cytolytic re-engineering of a viral vaccine vector enables durable effector-memory T cell immunity by reinforcing type I IFN induction.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Humoral and cellular immune response after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with sickle cell disease on hydroxyurea.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus-Based Viral Vectors Elicit Robust Systemic and Tissue-Resident Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Antigens.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Intranasal S-2P and lentinan formulation confers broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs via IFN-γ-dominant mechanisms.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Platelet-derived integrin- and tetraspanin-enriched tethers exacerbate severe inflammation.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Conformational bias in SARS-CoV-2 Spike CD4+ T-cell epitope dominance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Proteome-wide curation of experimentally validated HPV T-cell epitopes identifies key gaps in our understanding of cellular immunity to HPV and informs vaccine design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dengue and severe dengue.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors and Vaccine Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- T cell epitope mapping reveals immunodominance of evolutionarily conserved regions within SARS-CoV-2 proteome.iScience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines have reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) morbidity and mortality, yet emerging variants challenge their effectiveness. The prevailing approach to updating vaccines targets the antibody response, operating under the presumption that it is the primary defense mechanism following vaccination or infection. This perspective, however, can overlook the role of T cells, particularly when antibody levels are low or absent. Here we show, through studies in mouse models lacking antibodies but maintaining functional B cells and lymphoid organs, that immunity conferred by prior infection or mRNA vaccination can protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge independently of antibodies. Our findings, using three distinct models inclusive of a novel human/mouse ACE2 hybrid, highlight that CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.