Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38508426›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2024

Philadelphia Beverage Tax's Impact on Beverage Ad Expenditures and Number of Ads Purchased.

Sophia V Hua, Matthew M Lee, Rebecca Mozaffarian, Sara N Bleich, Christina A Roberto, Frances Fleming-Milici, Briana Stephenson, Erica L Kenney

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sophia V HuaDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: sophia.hua@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Matthew M LeeDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Rebecca MozaffarianDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Sara N BleichDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Christina A RobertoDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Frances Fleming-MiliciUConn Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut.
Briana StephensonDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Erica L KenneyDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

Funding

TRAINING GRANT IN ACADEMIC NUTRITIONT32DK007703 · NIDDK · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI CHRISTOPHER P DUGGAN, Frank B Hu · 1994 to 2026
$7.8M
NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007703
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOn January 1, 2017, Philadelphia implemented a beverage excise tax. The study's objective was to determine whether beverage advertising expenditures and the number of beverage ads purchased changed in Philadelphia compared to Baltimore because of this tax.

methodsMonthly beverage ad expenditures and the number of beverage ads purchased by brand from January 2016 through December 2019 were obtained. Ads were coded as being for taxed or not taxed beverages and analyzed in 2023. The primary outcomes were quarterly taxed beverage ad expenditures and number of ads purchased. A controlled interrupted time series design on segmented linear regression models was used. Models (aggregated and stratified by internet, spot TV, and local radio) compared whether levels and trends in the outcomes changed from pre- to post-tax in Philadelphia compared to Baltimore.

resultsThere were no significant differences in taxed beverage advertising expenditures between Philadelphia and Baltimore for trends pretax, at implementation, or post-tax. There were 0.13 (95% CI: -0.25, -0.003) fewer quarterly taxed beverage ads purchased per 100 households in Philadelphia versus Baltimore at baseline. Among internet advertising, there were 0.42 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.06) fewer quarterly taxed beverage ads purchased per 100 households in Philadelphia versus Baltimore immediately post-tax. For spot TV ads, the percentage of taxed beverages ads purchased per quarter was greater at baseline in Philadelphia by 28.0 percentage points (95% CI: 1.9, 54.1).

conclusionsThis study found little evidence of changes in mass media advertising on the examined platforms between 2016 and 2019 due to the Philadelphia beverage tax.

Indexed as

AdvertisingBeveragesTaxesBaltimoreCommerceHumansInterrupted Time Series AnalysisPhiladelphia

Identifiers

PMID38508426
PMCPMC12129126

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.