Evidence mapPaperPMID 38516247Full record

ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2024

Autoimmune pancreatitis: Cornerstones and future perspectives.

Camilla Gallo, Giulia Dispinzieri, Nicola Zucchini, Pietro Invernizzi, Sara Massironi

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
12.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Type 3 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: What Do We Know So Far?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Autoimmune Pancreatitis Re-Classification with Novel Type AIP-4.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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  7. Article
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  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Camilla GalloDivision of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.
Giulia DispinzieriDivision of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.
Nicola ZucchiniDepartment of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza 20900, Italy.
Pietro InvernizziDivision of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.
Sara MassironiDivision of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy. sara.massironi@libero.it.
University of Milano-Bicocca · ITAzienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an autoimmune subtype of chronic pancreatitis resulting from the aberrant immune response against the pancreas, leading to inflammation and fibrosis. Although AIP is rare, its incidence is increasing and is often misdiagnosed as other pancreatic diseases. AIP is commonly classified into two types. Type 1 AIP (AIP-1) is typically associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels and systemic manifestations, while type 2 AIP is typically a more localized form of the disease, and may coexist with other autoimmune disorders, especially inflammatory bowel diseases. Additionally, there is emerging recognition of a third type (type 3 AIP), which refers to immunotherapy-triggered AIP, although this classification is still gaining acceptance in medical literature. The clinical manifestations of AIP mainly include painless jaundice and weight loss. Elevated serum IgG4 levels are particularly characteristic of AIP-1. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histological findings, given the similarity of AIP symptoms to other pancreatic disorders. The mainstay of treatment for AIP is steroid therapy, which is effective in most cases. Severe cases might require additional imm-unosuppressive agents. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of AIP, encompassing its epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. We also address the challenges and controversies in diagnosing and treating AIP, such as distinguishing it from pancreatic cancer and managing long-term treatment, highlighting the need for increased awareness and knowledge of this complex disease.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmune PancreatitisDiagnosis, DifferentialHumansImmunoglobulin GPancreasImmunoglobulin GAutoimmune pancreatitisAutoimmunityImmunoglobulin G4PancreatitisRelapseSteroids

Identifiers

PMID38516247
PMCPMC10950636
OpenAlexW4392179672

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.