Evidence mapPaperPMID 38517040Full record

ReviewPhysiological reviews2024

Physiological basis for xenotransplantation from genetically modified pigs to humans.

Leigh Peterson, Magdi H Yacoub, David Ayares, Kazuhiko Yamada, Daniel Eisenson, Bartley P Griffith, Muhammad M Mohiuddin, Willard Eyestone, J Craig Venter, Ryszard T Smolenski and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Physiological reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
22.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. The use of transgenic animals for xenotransplantation: An update.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Pluripotent stem cell-based approaches for heart repair and the potential of genetic modifications.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Current status and prospects of genetically modified porcine-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. [Research and application progress for liver xenotransplantation].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Leigh PetersonUnited Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0009-0007-1218-5435
Magdi H YacoubImperial College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9070-8245
David AyaresUnited Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4638-3321
Kazuhiko YamadaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0510-5843
Daniel EisensonDepartment of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3868-0403
Bartley P GriffithUniversity of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3015-9322
Muhammad M MohiuddinUniversity of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4654-783X
Willard EyestoneUnited Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1960-3816
J Craig VenterJ. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7086-765X
Ryszard T SmolenskiDepartment of Biochemistry, Gdańsk Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0190-9414
Martine RothblattUnited Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1457-6145
United Therapeutics (United States) · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · USGdańsk Medical University · PLImperial College London · GBJ. Craig Venter Institute · USXenotran (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The collective efforts of scientists over multiple decades have led to advancements in molecular and cellular biology-based technologies including genetic engineering and animal cloning that are now being harnessed to enhance the suitability of pig organs for xenotransplantation into humans. Using organs sourced from pigs with multiple gene deletions and human transgene insertions, investigators have overcome formidable immunological and physiological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) xenotransplantation and achieved prolonged pig xenograft survival. These studies informed the design of Revivicor's (Revivicor Inc, Blacksburg, VA) genetically engineered pigs with 10 genetic modifications (10 GE) (including the inactivation of 4 endogenous porcine genes and insertion of 6 human transgenes), whose hearts and kidneys have now been studied in preclinical human xenotransplantation models with brain-dead recipients. Additionally, the first two clinical cases of pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation were recently performed with hearts from this 10 GE pig at the University of Maryland. Although this review focuses on xenotransplantation of hearts and kidneys, multiple organs, tissues, and cell types from genetically engineered pigs will provide much-needed therapeutic interventions in the future.

Indexed as

Animals, Genetically ModifiedTransplantation, HeterologousAnimalsGenetic EngineeringHeart TransplantationHumansSwinegenetically modified pigsxenotransplantation

Identifiers

PMID38517040
PMCPMC11390123
OpenAlexW4393086232

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.