SynthesisHuman brain mapping2024
Brain-based sex differences in schizophrenia: A systematic review of fMRI studies.
Synthesis in Human brain mapping, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in schizophrenia: symptomatology, treatment efficacy and adverse effects.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Brain-based sex differences in schizophrenia: A systematic review of fMRI studies.Human brain mapping · 2024Pooled it
- Distinct neural responses to punishment anticipation in violent and non-violent individuals with schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cortical Structures Underlying Schizophrenia and Sex Differences in Preadolescents: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Sex-specific alterations of intrinsic brain activity and functional connectivity in adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- The MacBrain Resource Center (MBRC) rhesus macaque postnatal brain histology datasets: Enabling new discoveries through NHP tissue and digital data Repositories.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Effect of gonadectomy and hormone replacement on habenula-induced dopamine inhibition in female and male rats.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- A novel sex-specific role for 27-hydroxycholesterol in early-onset schizophrenia.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Schizophrenia Across the Reproductive Lifespan.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Microglia as critical mediators linking perinatal immune stress to mental health trajectories.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Effects on Multimodal Connectivity Patterns in Female Schizophrenia During 8 Weeks of Antipsychotic Treatment.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Characterizing multivariate regional hubs for schizophrenia classification, sex differences, and brain age estimation using explainable AI.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The Role of Neuroglia in the Development and Progression of Schizophrenia.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Association between psychiatric disorders and intracranial aneurysms: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the association between metabolic disorder and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with characteristic symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, lack of motivation, and paucity of thought. Recent evidence suggests that the symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms in particular, vary widely between the sexes and that symptom onset is earlier in males. A better understanding of sex-based differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of schizophrenia may provide a key to understanding sex-based symptom differences. This study aimed to summarize sex-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) differences in brain activity of patients with schizophrenia. We searched PubMed and Scopus to find fMRI studies that assessed sex-based differences in the brain activity of patients with schizophrenia. We excluded studies that did not evaluate brain activity using fMRI, did not evaluate sex differences, and were nonhuman or in vitro studies. We found 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the current systematic review. Compared to females with schizophrenia, males with schizophrenia showed more blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in the cerebellum, the temporal gyrus, and the right precuneus cortex. Male patients also had greater occurrence of low-frequency fluctuations in cerebral blood flow in frontal and parietal lobes and the insular cortex, while female patients had greater occurrence of low-frequency fluctuations in the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and lentiform nucleus. The current study summarizes fMRI studies that evaluated sex-based fMRI brain differences in schizophrenia that may help to shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and further understanding of sex-based differences in the clinical presentation and course of the disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.