Evidence mapPaperPMID 38524129Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024

Expression of immune related genes and possible regulatory mechanisms in different stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Risheng He, Canghai Guan, Xudong Zhao, Liang Yu, Yunfu Cui

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Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Risheng He *Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Canghai Guan *Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Xudong ZhaoDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Liang YuDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Yunfu CuiDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes simple steatosis (SS) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a significant contributor to liver disease on a global scale. The change of immunity-related genes (IRGs) expression level leads to different immune infiltrations. However, the expression of IRGs and possible regulatory mechanisms involved in NAFLD remain unclear. The objective of our research is to investigate crucial genes linked to the development of NAFLD and the transition from SS to NASH. Methods: Dataset GSE89632, which includes healthy controls, SS patients, and NASH patients, was obtained using the GEO database. To examine the correlation between sets of genes and clinical characteristics, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis. Hub genes were extracted using a network of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and three different machine learning algorithms. To validate the findings, another dataset that is publicly accessible and mice that were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) or MCD diet were utilized. Furthermore, the ESTIMATE algorithm and ssGSEA were employed to investigate the immune landscape in the normal versus SS group and SS versus NASH group, additionally, the relationship between immune infiltration and the expression of hub genes was also examined. Results: A total of 28 immune related key genes were selected. Most of these genes expressed reverse patterns in the initial and progressive stages of NAFLD. GO and KEGG analyses showed that they were focused on the cytokine related pathways and immune cell activation and chemotaxis. After screening by various algorithms, we obtained two hub genes, including JUN and CCL20. Validation of these findings was confirmed by analyzing gene expression patterns in both the validation dataset and the mouse model. Ultimately, two hub genes were discovered to have a significant correlation with the infiltration of immune cells. Conclusion: We proposed that there were dynamic changes in the expression levels of IRGs in different stages of NAFLD disease, which led to different immune landscapes in SS and NASH. The findings of our research could serve as a guide for the accurate management of various phases of NAFLD.

Indexed as

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAnimalsDiet, High-FatGene Expression ProfilingHumansMicehub genesimmune infiltrationimmunity-related genesnon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseweighted gene co-expression network analysis

Identifiers

PMID38524129
PMCPMC10957650

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.