Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38530620›Full record

SynthesisJournal of endocrinological investigation2024

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

B Xu, B Kang, S Li, S Fan, J Zhou

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Diabetes and cancer: glucose control impact on survival and tumor outcomes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Observational
  9. Review
  10. Diabetes and cancer: therapeutic implications.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Research Progress of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

B XuThe First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-9103
B KangThe First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
S LiThe First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
S FanThe First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
J ZhouThe First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. zhoujiecan@fsyy.usc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-3997
University of South China · CNFirst Affiliated Hospital of University of South China · CN

Funding

Central government funds for guiding local scientific and Technological Development 2021QZY016Hunan Province Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project 2021SK51823Hunan Province Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project 2020SK51823Hunan Province Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project 2021SK51828Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of major chronic diseases 2023SK4040Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2022JJ50163Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2023JJ20034NSFC 82003872Scientific Research Fund Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission 20201973The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province 2023RC3173
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on cancer has yet to be fully elucidated.

objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cancer.

methodsWe searched the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up to July 15, 2023, to identify eligible randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that lasted at least ≥24 weeks. The primary outcome was the overall cancer incidence, and the secondary outcomes were the incidences of various types of cancer. We used the Mantel-Haenszel method, fixed effects model, risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to analyze dichotomous variables. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the SGLT2 inhibitor type, baseline conditions, and follow-up duration. All meta-analyses were performed using RevMan5.4.1 and Stata MP 16.0.

resultsA total of 58 publications (59 trials) were included, comprising 113,909 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or chronic kidney disease and/or high cardiovascular risk and/or heart failure (SGLT2 inhibitor group, 63864; placebo group, 50045). Compared to the placebo SGLT2 inhibitors did not significantly increase the overall incidence of cancer (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94-1.08; p = 0.82). However, ertugliflozin did significantly increase the overall incidence of cancer (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01-1.64; p = 0.04). SGLT2 inhibitors did not increase the risks of bladder or breast cancer. However, dapagliflozin did significantly reduce the risk of bladder cancer by 47% (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.35-0.81; p = 0.003). SGLT2 inhibitors had no significant effect on the risks of gastrointestinal, thyroid, skin, respiratory, prostate, uterine/endometrial, hepatic and pancreatic cancers. Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of respiratory cancer by 26% (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.55-1.00; p = 0.05). SGLT2 inhibitors (particularly mediated by dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin but not statistically significant) were associated with a greater risk of renal cancer than the placebo (RR 1.39; 95% CI 1.04-1.87; p = 0.03).

conclusionSGLT2 inhibitors did not significantly increase the overall risk of cancer or the risks of bladder and breast cancers. However, the higher risk of renal cancer associated with SGLT2 inhibitors warrants concern.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2NeoplasmsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsHumansIncidenceRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsBladder cancerBreast cancerCancerDapagliflozinRenal cancerSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID38530620
OpenAlexW4393200531

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.