Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38535757›Full record

ArticleVision (Basel, Switzerland)2024

The Influence of Tear Film Quality on Visual Function.

Snježana Kaštelan, Ksenija Gabrić, Maša Mikuličić, Danijela Mrazovac Zimak, Mirela Karabatić, Antonela Gverović Antunica

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vision (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Sex Differences in the Lacrimal Gland: Implications for Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Snježana KaštelanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Fundamentals of Medical Skills, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-3983-1157
Ksenija GabrićOptomed d.o.o., 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Maša MikuličićOptomed d.o.o., 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Danijela Mrazovac ZimakDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0003-2221-4635
Mirela KarabatićDepartment of Optometry, University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica, 10 410 Velika Gorica, Croatia.
Antonela Gverović AntunicaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Clinical Nursing, University of Dubrovnik, General Hospital Dubrovnik, 20 000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-9613-8033
University Hospital Centre Zagreb · HRUniversity of Dubrovnik · HRUniversity of Zagreb · HRVeleučilište Velika Gorica · HR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is increasing globally, resulting in a variety of eye symptoms characterized by discomfort and visual disturbances. The accurate diagnosis of the disease is often challenging and complex, requiring specialized diagnostic tools. This study aimed to investigate the impact of tear film instability on visual function and to evaluate the value of post-blink blur time (PBBT) as an alternative method for assessing tear film stability.

methodsThe study included 62 subjects: 31 with subjective symptoms of DED (Group A) and a control group consisting of 31 healthy participants (Group B). Symptoms were assessed using the standard Schein questionnaire, supplemented with additional questions. PBBT was measured using standard Snellen charts to investigate a potential association between PBBT and tear film dysfunction. Additional clinical assessments included tear film break-up time (TBUT).

resultsStatistically significant differences were observed in the average values of PBBT and TBUT between the examined groups. The average PBBT was 8.95 ± 5.38 s in the group with DED and 14.66 ± 10.50 s in the control group,

conclusionsThe research confirms that tear film stability has an important role in the refraction of light and the maintenance of optical quality of vision. PBBT could potentially function as an objective and clinically significant screening test for DED.

Indexed as

dry eye diseasepost-blink blur timescreening testtear break-up timetear film dysfunctionvisual function

Identifiers

PMID38535757
PMCPMC10974998
OpenAlexW4392169655

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.