ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Small Extracellular Vesicles Harboring PD-L1 in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Obstructive sleep apnea and lung cancer: molecular underpinnings and clinical translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) has been associated with increased cancer incidence and aggressiveness. One hypothesis to support this association is the implication of immune response, particularly the programmed cell death pathway, formed by the receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1. Recent studies have shown dysregulation of this pathway in severe OSA patients. It has also been shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carrying PD-L1 induce lymphocyte dysfunction. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze the expression of PD-L1 on sEVs of OSA patients and to evaluate the role of sEVs on lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity. Circulating sEVs were isolated from OSA patients and the control group. Lymphocytes were isolated from the control group. Circulating sEVs were characterized by western blot, nanotracking analysis, and flow cytometry and were incubated with lymphocytes. Our results show no differences in the quantity and composition of sEVs in OSA patients and no significant effects of sEVs in OSA patients on lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity. These results suggest that OSA does not modify PD-L1 expression on sEVs, which does not contribute to dysregulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.