Evidence mapPaperPMID 38551889Full record

ReviewCancer communications (London, England)2024

Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot.

Gholam-Reza Khosravi, Samaneh Mostafavi, Sanaz Bastan, Narges Ebrahimi, Roya Safari Gharibvand, Nahid Eskandari

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer communications (London, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
177citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
58.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

177 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.

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117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Gholam-Reza KhosraviDepartment of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Samaneh MostafaviDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Sanaz BastanDepartment of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Narges EbrahimiDepartment of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Roya Safari GharibvandDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Nahid EskandariDepartment of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-1910-9359
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · IRAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences · IRTarbiat Modares University · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1). These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system, transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor responses. However, challenges persist, including primary resistance to immunotherapy, autoimmune side effects, and tumor response heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. In the landscape of cancer medicine, where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle, understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is paramount. This review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies, offering hope for patients with immune-resistant tumors.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscold tumorhot tumorimmunologic modulatorimmunotherapytherapeutic strategytumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID38551889
PMCPMC11110955
OpenAlexW4393308058

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.