SynthesisRheumatology (Oxford, England)2024
Risk of diabetes mellitus in systemic lupus erythematosus: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Rheumatology international · 2024Pooled it
- The shared biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus and type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Disease and Medication Context Shape Ex Vivo Metabolite Stability: A Pilot Study in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Article
- Frailty in older adults with systemic lupus erythematosus and emergency department utilization: an administrative claims data analysis of Medicare beneficiaries.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Management of a Patient with Cardiovascular Disease Should Include Assessment of Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiencies: Part 2-Secondary Immunodeficiencies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the risk of DM and evaluate the impact of SLE therapies on the risk of developing DM in patients with SLE.
methodsElectronic database searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were performed from inception to February 2023. Cohort and cross-sectional studies that analysed the risk of DM in patients with SLE were included. The associations between diabetes and antirheumatic agents, such as antimalarials and glucocorticoids, were analysed in cohort studies. Data were pooled using fixed- or random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled odd ratios (OR), relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023402774).
resultsA total of 37 studies (23 cross-sectional and 14 cohort studies) involving 266 537 patients with SLE were included. The pooled analyses from cross-sectional studies and cohort studies did not show an increased risk of DM in SLE patients (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.87-1.27; P = 0.63 and RR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.93-1.87; P = 0.12, respectively). However, several cohort studies consistently demonstrated a reduced risk of diabetes with antimalarials, while glucocorticoid use has been associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. Age, sex, hypertension and immunosuppressants have not been identified as risk factors for DM in SLE patients.
conclusionAlthough there was no increased risk of DM in patients with SLE compared with controls, HCQ users or adherents had a decreased risk, whereas glucocorticoid users had an increased risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.